Browsing by Author "Adu, E."
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Item Challenges and coping strategies of refugees: Exploring residual Liberian refugees’ experiences in Ghana(SAGE, 2015) Dako-Gyeke, M.; Adu, E.This study explored the challenges and coping strategies among Liberian refugees in Ghana. Using a qualitative research design, 40 participants were purposively recruited at a refugee settlement in Ghana. Four focus group discussions and sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted. The focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically based on the objectives of the study. The findings indicated that the refugees experienced challenges related to disruption in social networks, disputes over resources, high rate of unemployment, and increased level of criminal activities. The study also revealed that the refugees included in this study resorted to religion, spirituality, and income earning activities as their coping strategies. The findings offer insights for social workers, policy actors, and future research.Item Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Professionals in Ghana : A Position Paper(International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2019) Adu, E.; Li, F.; Boafo-Arthur, A.; et al.There is a growing interest in the health professionals’ performance sustenance and work- related attitudes research. This is primarily because health professionals experience on daily basis some undesirable variables like fatigue, `well-being, stress, emotional drain, psychological need frustration and job dissatisfaction which affect performance and its sustenance. Health managers quest to resolve issues of performance sustenance, have resulted in difficulties in their attempt to motivate health professionals to be highly functional and effective to sustain performance. In a lower-middle income country like Ghana, there has not been a lot of success in this regard considering the enormity of psychological challenges and the seemingly disturbing work environment health professionals engage their services in. These continue to affect performance fundamentally because they keep experiencing negative development psychologically. Additionally, it has been documented severally in the extant literature how these negative psychological developments affect the performance of healthcare professionals which unreservedly requires a new dimension in the way work environment is managed. A gap our study intends to address through the incorporation of positive psychological capital which we seek to use in moderating the work related attitudes that has the capacity to address the negativity that has engulfed work environment among healthcare professionals.Item Empirical Review Analysis of Overview of the Concept of Psychological Capital and Healthcare Employee Behaviours(nternational Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2019) Adu, E.; Li, F.; Boafo-Arthur, A.; et al.The argument is made often times that anytime management shows appreciation of employee’s effort, there is a guarantee of high individual performance and job satisfaction, the lack of it, causes severe damage to the economy of the organization and the nation as a whole. The USA alone, there is a budget loss of $450 and $550 billion dollars due to job dissatisfaction, a phenomenon that transpires highly in the less developed economies especially in the health sector. The WHO reports that in the health service of sub-Saharan Africa, job dissatisfaction on the part of health professionals has been the major reason for health professional’s brain drain, which has caused the economies huge sums of money. Essentially, health institutions continue to loose health professionals who complain of dissatisfaction over job or psychological needs frustration which when not addressed, leads to counter productive work behavior that threatens the survival and sustainability of health service delivery. Indeed, the continuous survival of health institutions very much depends on the level of satisfaction employees derive from the job and work environment, which ultimately translates into performance. Research has showed that job satisfaction of health professionals for instance, is crucial for higher performance, motivation and patient satisfaction. However, extant literature reports of low job satisfaction on the part of health professionals in Ghana. This paper presents reviewed work of some authors that are related and of relevance to the study.Item Examining Effects of Voluntary Repatriation on Residual Liberian Refugees on Ghana(University of Ghana, 2014-06) Adu, E.; Dako-Gyeke, M.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, Department of Social WorkThe study examined effects of voluntary repatriation on residual Liberian refugees living in the Buduburam refugee camp in Ghana. The study was guided by Lee‟s theory of migration and Andersen‟s behavioral model of health service utilization. Objectives of the study were to (a) identify factors that motivate Liberian refugees to remain in Ghana, (b) find out challenges faced by residual Liberian refugees in Ghana after voluntary repatriation, (c) explore residual Liberian refugees‟ access to UNHCR facilities in Ghana after voluntary repatriation and (d) find out coping strategies adopted by residual Liberian refugees in Ghana after voluntary repatriation. A qualitative research method was employed using phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted using an interview guide. Sample size for the study was 45 comprising 40 Liberian refugees and five officials working in the interest of refugees in Ghana. Participants were selected using convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data solicited from the field was analyzed using the framework analytic approach. Findings of the study revealed that voluntary repatriation has negatively affected residual Liberian refugees in Ghana. Furthermore, the study found that voluntary repatriation resulted in the disruption of social network, unemployment and limited access to UNHCR facilities which have affected the wellbeing of residual Liberian refugees in Ghana. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that voluntary repatriation be made attractive thereby encouraging refugees to repatriate as well as ensuring that challenges of residual refugees are minimized.Item A scoping review of 2018–2020 research on NCDs and physical activity in Ghana: Groundwork for a monitoring system and action plan(FASEB BioAdvances, 2021) Nyawornota, V.K.; Tay, D.A.; Adu, E.; Ocansey, R.T-A.Background: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), yet national surveillance of physical activity (PA) levels is not well defined. Though Ghana has a national health policy that emphasizes health promotion and prevention of lifestyle diseases, and an NCD policy with PA rec ommendations in 2012, it does not have an integrated plan of action to address widespread physical inactivity. Objective: Thisreview aimsto identify the nature and extent ofresearch in NCDs and PA in Ghana to inform the creation of an integrated action plan to address physical inactivity. The review focuses on four research questions: (1) what is the prevalence and monitoring of NCDs in Ghana from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, (2) what are the key risk factors of NCDs in Ghana, (3) what are the identified indicators and benchmarks that enhance or impede PA participation in Ghana, and (4) what are the active interventions and policy directives for NCDs and PA participation in Ghana. Methods: Ghana-specific articles, reports, and policies related to NCDs and PA were collected traversing 2018–2020. The scoping review included: (1) review ing articles and documents related to risk factors of NCDs in Ghana, (2) review ing articles and documents from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) monitoring and surveillance template for Ghana; (3) reviewing articles and documents on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Ghana Report Card on Physical Activity; (4) the Demographic and Health Survey website and (5) spe cific searches for World Health Organization reports. Results: A total of 1763 records were identified through keyword search. Based on eligibility criteria, 4 were relevant to question 1, 23 to question 2, 16 to ques tion 3, and 11 to question 4. For question 1, international benchmark surveys re vealed that physical inactivity accounts for 20% of NCD related deaths in Ghana. For question 2, 8 records (34.8%) focused on hypertension, 5 (21.74%) body com position and obesity, 4 (17.4%) cardiovascular diseases, 3 (13.0%) on diabetes, 1 (4.4%) on stroke, and 2 (8.7%) on otherrisk factors. For question 3, 6 records(37%) focused on overall PA, 3 (19%) on the built environment, 2 (12%) active transpor tation, 2 (12%) on physical inactivity or sedentary behaviors, 2 (12%) on influence of family and peers, and 1 (6%) on active play. For question 4, though multiple national policies exist, including a minimum weekly level of compulsory physical education per week in the school curriculum, data monitoring and surveillance on PA participation are scarce. Conclusion: Based on the scoping review of articles traversing 2018–2020, this review revealed minimal research on these topics. Data on PA participation is non-existent due to lack of conscious monitoring mechanisms, integrated plan of action, intervention strategies and policy directives. A national research agenda is imperative to better understand the relationship and clear connection between physical inactivity as a risk factor of NCDs.Item A scoping review of 2018–2020 research on NCDs and physical activity in Ghana: Groundwork for a monitoring system and action plan(John Wiley & Sons, 2022) Nyawornota, V.K.; Tay, D.A.; Adu, E.; Ocansey, R.T.A.Background Physical inactivity is a risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), yet national surveillance of physical activity (PA) levels is not well defined. Though Ghana has a national health policy that emphasizes health promotion and prevention of lifestyle diseases, and an NCD policy with PA recommendations in 2012, it does not have an integrated plan of action to address widespread physical inactivity. Objective This review aims to identify the nature and extent of research in NCDs and PA in Ghana to inform the creation of an integrated action plan to address physical inactivity. The review focuses on four research questions: (1) what is the prevalence and monitoring of NCDs in Ghana from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, (2) what are the key risk factors of NCDs in Ghana, (3) what are the identified indicators and benchmarks that enhance or impede PA participation in Ghana, and (4) what are the active interventions and policy directives for NCDs and PA participation in Ghana. Methods Ghana-specific articles, reports, and policies related to NCDs and PA were collected traversing 2018–2020. The scoping review included: (1) reviewing articles and documents related to risk factors of NCDs in Ghana, (2) reviewing articles and documents from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) monitoring and surveillance template for Ghana; (3) reviewing articles and documents on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Ghana Report Card on Physical Activity; (4) the Demographic and Health Survey website and (5) specific searches for World Health Organization reports. Results A total of 1763 records were identified through keyword search. Based on eligibility criteria, 4 were relevant to question 1, 23 to question 2, 16 to question 3, and 11 to question 4. For question 1, international benchmark surveys revealed that physical inactivity accounts for 20% of NCD related deaths in Ghana. For question 2, 8 records (34.8%) focused on hypertension, 5 (21.74%) body composition and obesity, 4 (17.4%) cardiovascular diseases, 3 (13.0%) on diabetes, 1 (4.4%) on stroke, and 2 (8.7%) on other risk factors. For question 3, 6 records (37%) focused on overall PA, 3 (19%) on the built environment, 2 (12%) active transportation, 2 (12%) on physical inactivity or sedentary behaviors, 2 (12%) on influence of family and peers, and 1 (6%) on active play. For question 4, though multiple national policies exist, including a minimum weekly level of compulsory physical education per week in the school curriculum, data monitoring and surveillance on PA participation are scarce. Conclusion Based on the scoping review of articles traversing 2018–2020, this review revealed minimal research on these topics. Data on PA participation is non-existent due to lack of conscious monitoring mechanisms, integrated plan of action, intervention strategies and policy directives. A national research agenda is imperative to better understand the relationship and clear connection between physical inactivity as a risk factor of NCDs.Item What is the assurance that Liberia is safe? Factors motivating Liberian refugees to remain in Ghana(University of Ghana, 2015-04-17) Dako-Gyeke, M.; Adu, E.Despite the currently peaceful state of Liberia, several thousands of Liberian refugees still remain in Ghana. This raises concern for debates and dialogue about what peace or political stability means to a refugee after civil war. This study therefore explored factors motivating Liberian refugees to remain in Ghana. Using a qualitative research design, 40 participants (females and males) were purposively recruited at a Refugee Camp in Ghana. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) and sixteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted. The FGDs and IDIs were audio-taped, transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically based on the objectives of the study. The findings revealed that the motivating factors related to: insecurity in Liberia, infrastructural challenges and unfavorable socioeconomic situation in Liberia, and resettlement opportunities in Ghana. Based on the findings of the study, implications are discussed for policy and social work practice