Welcome to UGSpace
UGSpace is the institutional repository of the University of Ghana. UGSpace is an open access electronic archive for the collection, preservation and distribution of digital materials to:
- facilitate the deposit of digital content of a scholarly or heritage nature
- and ultimately share, preserve and promote the intellectual output of the University in a managed environment.
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- Review books or articles provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research. These are considered as secondary literature since they generally do not present new data from the author's experimental work. Review articles can be of three types, broadly speaking: literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It also the researcher to stay abreast of new literature in the field.
- Grey literature consists of research and information produced outside conventional publishing channels, such as reports, policy briefs, working papers, and conference materials. It offers valuable insights and data that complement peer-reviewed sources, supporting research, policy, and practice.
- The J. H. Kwabena Nketia Archives preserve Ghanaian and African cultural heritage through music, oral traditions, photographs, and audiovisual collections. Guided by Professor Nketia’s vision that African traditional arts must be collected, preserved, practiced, and continually inspire creative expression, the Archives serve as a living resource for scholarship, teaching, and innovation
Recent Submissions
Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Government Effectiveness, Eco-Efficiency And Environmental Sustainability In Africa(Scientific African, 2026-05-10) Dzudzor, M.A.; Oyawole, F.P.; Peasah, K.A.; Aminu, R.O.The study examines the relationship between eco-efficiency, government effectiveness, and ecological footprint in Africa across low-income countries (LICs), lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), and upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) spanning 1992 to 2020. Using various standard pre-estimation tests to account for the dataset’s structure, we used the Driscoll-Kraay Standard Error (DKSE) estimator and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) non-causality test for this study. The empirical findings reveal that eco-efficiency incentivises ecological degradation in LICs, whilst in LMICs it promotes ecological sustainability. The moderating effect of government effectiveness stimulates an increase in ecological footprint in LMICs, which possibly reflects weak institutional capacity that limits the translation of efficiency gains into environmental benefits, whilst in the LICs and UMICs categories, it spares ecological footprint. Additionally, the analysis revealed a two-way causation between eco-efficiency and ecological footprint across the LICs and LMICs, suggesting a feedback loop in which efficiency improvements both influence and respond to ecological pressure. In UMICs, a unidirectional causality from eco-efficiency to ecological footprint is observed, indicating that gains in efficiency directly impact environmental outcomes. Still, ecological pressure does not appear to drive further efficiency improvements. Thus, UMICs may benefit more from proactive policies that focus on enhancing eco-efficiency to reduce environmental degradation. Based on these findings, the study recommends the strengthening of public institutions across the Continent to design and implement tailored, eco-efficient environ mental policies that not only reduce ecological footprints but also support long-term sustain ability across African countries.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Global Variation In Injury Patterns, Interventions, And Post Operative Outcomes For Children And Adolescents Undergoing Trauma Laparotomy: An International Cohort Study(Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2026-05-07) Bashford, T.; Amoako, J.; Aziz, R.; et al.Background Trauma is the leading cause of death and disability in children and adolescents worldwide; however, paediatric trauma care is often neglected during health system development. We aimed to understand current global standards of laparotomy care for paediatric patients with blunt or penetrating traumatic injury and variation in patient injury patterns, intervention, and post-operative outcomes. Methods This is a planned post-hoc analysis of the international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort from the Global Outcomes After Laparotomy for Trauma (GOAL-Trauma) Study, which was conducted between April 1 and Dec 31, 2024. Patients aged 18 years or younger with a blunt or penetrating traumatic injury who underwent a laparotomy within 5 days of presentation were eligible. Countries were stratified by the Human Development Index (HDI), and the primary outcome was post-operative in-hospital 30-day mortality. Adjusted mortality risk was calculated using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06180668). Findings 237 paediatric patients who underwent a trauma laparotomy were recruited from 85 hospitals in 32 countries, with the highest proportion of patients living in countries in the lower HDI tertile (110 [20%] of 563 cases overall). The median age among paediatric cases was 16·0 years (IQR 12·0–18·0), and most patients were male (195 [82%] of 237 patients) and had sustained a blunt injury (135 [57%] patients). The median time globally from injury to operation was 7·4 h (IQR 3·5–18·8; n=235), with longer times observed across the patient pathway for patients in the lower and middle HDI tertiles than for those in the upper HDI tertile (p=0·0008). The overall 30-day in-hospital crude mortality rate was 8% (19 of 237 patients); however, after adjustment, patients in the lower HDI tertile were nearly six times more likely to die post-operatively than those in the upper HDI tertile (odds ratio 5·69 [95% CI 1·58–20·44], p=0·0079). Interpretation Proportionally more children undergo trauma laparotomy in lower-resource settings than in higher resource settings; however, their mortality risk is substantially higher. Marked variation exists in paediatric pathways globally, and policy makers and health-care leaders should prioritise the development of paediatric trauma care worldwide.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Global Trends In Travel-Related Antimicrobial Resistance: A Systematic Review, 2020–2024(International Health, 2025-06-06) Tetteh-Ocloo, G.; Odoom, A.; Dayie, N.T.K.D.; Donkor, E.S.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, with international travel playing a key role in the spread of resistant bacteria. This systematic review examines trends in travel-associated AMR from 2020 to 2024. A search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science identified 10 studies involving 359 AMR isolates. Using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, the study quality was assessed and findings were synthesised to identify pat- terns in prevalence, diversity and geographic spread. Results revealed a consistent rise in travel-associated AMR, particularly from regions such as Southeast Asia and Africa, which acted as major sources of diverse resistant pathogens. These include extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli , multidrug-resistant (MDR) Corynebacterium diphtheriae and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales. The number of MDR strains increased over time, making up 15.3% of cases by 2024. Healthcare exposure during travel emerged as a significant risk factor. Overall, the prevalence and diversity of AMR bacteria linked to travel have risen steadily, highlighting the urgent need for global cooperation. Enhanced surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, infection control mea- sures and international collaboration are essential to curb the spread of these dangerous pathogens.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Gender Dimensions In Agricultural And Livestock Interventions: A Review Of Economic Modelling Approaches(NJAS: Impact in Agricultural and Life Sciences, 2026-04-14) Mensah, C.; Omondi, I.; Bahta, S.; Enahoro, D.This study identifies innovations and gaps in quantifying gender dynamics in agricultural and livestock sectors using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), Partial Equilibrium (PE), or micro-simulation (MS) models. These modelling approaches are widely applied to assess policy and market interventions in low- and -middle-income countries (LMICs). A semi- systematic review protocol was developed to retrieve, select, and analyse relevant literature from ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria required that studies: (1) were published within a defined 40-year period, (2) applied at least one of the specified economic modelling methods, and (3) included at least one indicator related to sustainable development. From an initial pool of 17,000 articles identified through title screening; 49 were selected for abstract review, and 22 for full-text analysis. Of these, 16 CGE-based studies captured gender-specific impacts, such as women’s employment and income outcomes. Two MS-based studies tracked specific measures of women’s empowerment, while the only PE- based study linked agricultural system characteristics—such as seasonality and distribution networks - to gender-related indicators of food security and nutrition. Additionally, three studies using hybrid modelling approaches demonstrated the value of methodological integration. Such models offer enhanced capabilities to reflect the diversity of gender roles and impacts in policy analysis. The findings highlight the potential of integrated modelling approaches, not only for methodological innovation in gender-disaggregated impact analy sis, but for informing evidence-based policies that prioritize gender equity. They offer actionable insights to better inform and prioritize interventions that promote women’s empowerment and equity in agricultural and livestock development in LMICs.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Comparative Study of Phosgene Gas Sensing Using Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanomaterials—A DFT Approach(Molecules, 2020-12-29) Kweitsu, E.O.; Armoo, S.K.; Kan-Dapaah , K.; Abavare, E.K.K.; Yaya , A.; Dodoo-Arhin, D.Phosgene (COCl2), a valuable industrial compound, maybe a public safety and health risk due to potential abuse and possible accidental spillage. Conventional techniques suffer from issues related to procedural complexity and sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for the development of simple and highly sensitive techniques that overcome these challenges. Recent advances in nanomaterials science offer the opportunity for the development of such techniques by exploiting the unique properties of these nanostructures. In this study, we investigated the potential of six types of nanomaterials: three carbon-based ([5,0] CNT, C60, C70) and three boron nitride-based (BNNT, BN60, BN70) for the detection of COCl2. The local density approximation (LDA) approach of the density functional theory (DFT) was used to estimate the adsorption characteristics and conductivities of these materials. The results show that the COCl2 molecule adsorbed spontaneously on the Fullerene or nanocages and endothermically on the pristine zigzag nanotubes. Using the magnitude of the bandgap modulation, the order of suitability of the different nanomaterials was established as follows: PBN60 (0.19%) < PC70 (1.39%) < PC60 (1.77%) < PBNNT (27.64%) < PCNT (65.29%) < PBN70 (134.12%). Since the desired criterion for the design of an electronic device is increased conductivity after adsorption due to the resulting low power consumption, PC60 was found to be most suitable because of its power consumption as it had the largest decrease of 1.77% of the bandgap.