Welcome to UGSpace
UGSpace is the institutional repository of the University of Ghana. UGSpace is an open access electronic archive for the collection, preservation and distribution of digital materials to:
- facilitate the deposit of digital content of a scholarly or heritage nature
- and ultimately share, preserve and promote the intellectual output of the University in a managed environment.
results
Discover Items
Communities in UGSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
- Review books or articles provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research. These are considered as secondary literature since they generally do not present new data from the author's experimental work. Review articles can be of three types, broadly speaking: literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It also the researcher to stay abreast of new literature in the field.
- Grey literature consists of research and information produced outside conventional publishing channels, such as reports, policy briefs, working papers, and conference materials. It offers valuable insights and data that complement peer-reviewed sources, supporting research, policy, and practice.
- The J. H. Kwabena Nketia Archives preserve Ghanaian and African cultural heritage through music, oral traditions, photographs, and audiovisual collections. Guided by Professor Nketia’s vision that African traditional arts must be collected, preserved, practiced, and continually inspire creative expression, the Archives serve as a living resource for scholarship, teaching, and innovation
Recent Submissions
Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Exploring The Socioeconomic And Education Based Inequalities In Modern And Traditional Contraceptive Use Among Women In Africa(Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 2026-03-18) Alhassan, A.; Doe, P.F.; Odonkor, F.O.; Mintah, Y.D.; Bobuafor, C.; et al.Background: Contraceptive use is integral to improving reproductive health outcomes, but disparities in access and use persist across Africa, influenced by socio-economic, educational, and age-related factors. This study explores socioeconomic and education-based inequalities in modern and traditional contraceptive use among women in 41 African countries. Methods: Secondary data from the World Health Organisation’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkits and national demographic surveys (2010–2022) were analysed. The study focused on women aged 15–49, categorised by socio economic status, education level, and age. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used, employing inequality measures such as D (Estimate), R (Estimate), PAF (Estimate), and PAR (Estimate) to assess disparities in contraceptive use. Results: The study found significant variation in contraceptive prevalence, ranging from high-prevalence nations such as Zimbabwe (66.8%), Malawi (65.6%), and Lesotho (64.9%). South Sudan (4%) and Chad (8.2%) had very low prevalence rates. Age-related disparities were also significant, with contraceptive use generally higher in the 20–49 years age group compared to the 15–19 years age group. Again, Ghana exhibited 17% use among 15–19-year olds compared to 53% in the 20–49-year-old group. The D revealed substantial inequalities in contraceptive use, particularly in countries like Kenya (22.5) and Malawi (20.6). The R highlighted greater disparities in countries such as Nigeria (4.0), indicating a significant socio-economic divide. The PAF demonstrated that socio-economic inequalities contributed to disparities, with Mozambique (5.8) and Niger (8.1) showing higher contributions. PAR further revealed that countries like Malawi (1.6) and Gambia (1.0) had a higher burden of inequality in contraceptive use. Conclusion: This study demonstrates persistent and intersecting age-, wealth-, and education-related inequalities in contraceptive use across Africa. By applying standardised inequality metrics in a cross-country comparative framework, the findings extend beyond prevalence-based analyses and provide actionable evidence to inform equity-oriented family planning policies and programmes. Clinical trial number Not applicableItem type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Exploring The Protective Effects Of Thalassemia Against Malaria In Africa: A Systematic Review(Systematic Reviews, 2026-03-19) Amoah, L.E.; Afrane, Y.A.; Kusi, K.A.; Donkor, A.B.; et al.Introduction Thalassemia, a hereditary blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production, is preva lent in malaria-endemic regions, particularly among individuals of African descent. This hemoglobinopathy is believed to confer protection against malaria, reducing the severity of the disease and its associated complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the protective effects of thalassemia against malaria, drawing insights from studies conducted in Africa between 2013 and 2025. Methods This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and has been registered on PROSPERO. A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar, supplemented by manual reference checks. Boolean search terms such as “thalassemia,” “malaria,” and “Africa” were used. The meta analysis was conducted via R version 4.4.1, and a random effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was assessed via the I2 statistic, and publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results Among the 4,957 screened articles, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, with eight providing sufficient data for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that thalassemic individuals had lower odds (OR: 0.856) of developing malaria than non-thalassemic individuals. Mechanistically, alpha thalassemia has been shown to reduce cytoadhesion and rosette formation and enhance immune clearance, with favorable interactions observed with the haptoglobin phenotype (Hp2-1). Conclusion Although the pooled estimate suggested a protective trend, the association was not statistically signifi cant and was characterized by substantial heterogeneity across studies. While these findings underscore the evolu tionary link between hemoglobinopathies and malaria resistance, further research is needed to elucidate molecular pathways and broader implications of thalassemia. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD420261294712.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Evaluating Machine Learning Efficacy for DoS Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks(I.J. Wireless and Microwave Technologies, 2026-02-08) Adu-Manu, K.S.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are integral to mission-critical applications, including environmental monitoring, smart infrastructure, and healthcare. However, they are particularly vulnerable to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, which can deplete the node's energy and disrupt communication. This study examines the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms in enhancing intrusion detection within WSNs, focusing on balancing detection accuracy and computational efficiency. Utilising the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2) generated WSN-DS dataset, seven algorithms—K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Stacking Classifier, AdaBoost, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)—were implemented and evaluated. The experimental results indicate that AdaBoost achieved the highest overall performance, with an accuracy of 99.7%, ROC-AUC of 0.996, and detection speed of 1.6 min, underscoring its suitability for real-time intrusion detection. Stacking and Random Forest also demonstrated high accuracy (99.7% and 99.6%, respectively) but required slightly longer detection times of 7.07 and 7.33 min, respectively. In contrast, KNN exhibited the longest detection time (86.2 min) due to its high computational overhead, whereas Naïve Bayes was the fastest (0.02 min) but had lower precision (0.757) and F1 score (0.771). AdaBoost demonstrated superior detection accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability under constrained WSN conditions, outperforming all other algorithms across multiple performance metrics. These findings offer a practical benchmark for developing lightweight, high-performance intrusion detection systems in resource-limited wireless sensor environments, thereby enhancing the resilience and reliability of next-generation WSN infrastructures.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Ettingshausen Effect in GaAs/AlGaAs Superlattices(Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2026-05-05) Sekyi-Arthur, D.; Mensah, S.Y.; Dompreh, K.A.We present a theoretical investigation of the Ettingshausen effect — the generation of a transverse temperature gradient under the action of an applied electric current — in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices subjected to combined dc–ac electric fields and an external magnetic field. Using the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the constant relaxation-time approximation, explicit expressions for the longitudinal and transverse Ettingshausen coefficients are derived in terms of the miniband width, chemical potential, magnetic field strength, and thermal conductivity. Analytical asymptotics reveal that at high temperatures, both coefficients saturate to finite plateaus, while at low temperatures, they exhibit strong non-monotonic behaviour and possible sign reversals depending on the superlattice parameter values. Numerical analysis demonstrates that increasing the miniband width enhances the low-temperature response, higher chemical potentials suppress and may invert the effect, and stronger magnetic fields or larger thermal conductivities reduce the net magnitude. These results show that the Ettingshausen effect in superlattices is highly tunable through band structure and external controls, suggesting opportunities for thermomagnetic cooling, field sensing, and nanoscale energy conversion applications.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Exploration of Hurtful Events Among Ghanaian Couples(Marriage & Family Review, 2026-04-27) Quaye, R.A.; Osei-Tutu, A.; Anum, A.We explored hurtful events Ghanaian couples encounter and evaluated the uniqueness of gender and age differences among 102 couples aged 24 to 73. A prompt questionnaire recorded hurtful events in the couples relationships, and the data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results revealed ten types of hurtful events: (1) active disassociation; (2) passive dis association; (3) infidelity; (4) disrespect; (5) violence; (6) humili ation; (7) criticism; (8) deception; (9) neglect of duty; and (10) insecurity. Gender differences in hurtful events showed that men often engaged in disassociation, infidelity, deception, and criticism, while women were associated with disrespect, insecu rity, neglect of duty, and humiliation. Younger adults (20 35 years) experienced disrespect and infidelity, middle-aged adults (36–50 years) faced disassociation and violence, while older adults (51–80 years) reported disassociation, disrespect, and occasional humiliation. Couples with significant age gaps (more than five years) faced challenges like disassociation, dis respect, infidelity, and violence, stemming from different life stages and expectations. This study enhances understanding of hurtful events in Ghanaian marriages, emphasizing gender and age differences, while offering clinical insights to enhance com munication and manage hurts.