Welcome to UGSpace

UGSpace is the institutional repository of the University of Ghana. UGSpace is an open access electronic archive for the collection, preservation and distribution of digital materials to:

  • facilitate the deposit of digital content of a scholarly or heritage nature
  • and ultimately share, preserve and promote the intellectual output of the University in a managed environment.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 16
  • Book Chapters  
    Review books or articles provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research. These are considered as secondary literature since they generally do not present new data from the author's experimental work. Review articles can be of three types, broadly speaking: literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It also the researcher to stay abreast of new literature in the field.
  • Conference Proceedings and Papers  
  • Grey Literature  
    Grey literature consists of research and information produced outside conventional publishing channels, such as reports, policy briefs, working papers, and conference materials. It offers valuable insights and data that complement peer-reviewed sources, supporting research, policy, and practice.
  • Heritage Materials  
  • Institute of African Studies (IAS) J. H. Kwabena Nketia Archives  
    The J. H. Kwabena Nketia Archives preserve Ghanaian and African cultural heritage through music, oral traditions, photographs, and audiovisual collections. Guided by Professor Nketia’s vision that African traditional arts must be collected, preserved, practiced, and continually inspire creative expression, the Archives serve as a living resource for scholarship, teaching, and innovation

Recent Submissions

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    Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access ,
    Design, Synthesis, and Medicinal Chemistry Profiling of Analogues of Mmv676444 and Mmv1794959, for their Biological Activities
    (University of Ghana, 2025) Ade, C. F.
    The impact of the global disease burden leaves a lasting toll of mortality and disability, par ticularly on the most affected regions, impeding development and economic advancement. A prevalent disease with devastating public health challenges particularly in sub-Saharan Africa is malaria. Despite some positive impact of global efforts on its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains of malaria‘s causative agent, raises concerns about the long-term therapeutic efficacy of the most potent drugs for its treatment. In view of this, the discovery of more potent, user-friendly drugs, remains crucial for addressing drug resistance in malaria. Drug discovery employs phenotypic screening to identify new chemical entities for medicinal chemistry explorations, potentially leading to first-in-class medicines. These drugs have the potential to serve as candidates for multiple diseases, often exhibiting novel mechanisms of action, highlighting their critical role in com bating drug resistance. In this project, two scaffolds, MMV676444 and MMV1794959, iden tified in phenotypic screens were explored for their therapeutic potential, primarily against malaria. A total of 36 analogues of the MMV676444 scaffold were synthesised and characterized us ing spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy (MS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR). The prepared analogues were tested in vitro against the sensitive strain NF54 of the malaria para site and H37rv of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). While poor antitubercular activities (MIC 33.3 µM – > 62.5 µM) were generally observed, some of the analogues showed prom ising antimalarial activity, with the most active analogue, CFA/092, yielding an IC50 value of 12 nM. Further studies conducted on CFA/092 indicated favourable metabolic stability, con firming its suitability for further optimization as a lead scaffold. Furthermore, preliminary investigations on selected analogues also showed encouraging activity (IC50 = 1.16 µM – 3.71 µM) against L. donovani promastigotes. On the other hand, 2 analogues of MMV1794959 were successfully synthesised and charac terised with 1H and 13C NMR, LC-MS, and FTIR. Though the analogues (CFA/P3021 and CFA/P3076) exhibited reduced lipophilicity and improved solubility in comparison to the hit scaffold, they were poorly active against malaria (P. falciparum (3D7)).
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    Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access ,
    Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Diversity of Non‐Typeable Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
    (Health Science Reports, 2026-07-16) Reeks, R.K.; Ntim, O.K.; Donkor, E.S.
    Background: Non‐typeable Streptococcus pneumoniae (NT‐Sp) strains lack detectable capsules and are often missed by tra ditional serotyping. While associated primarily with asymptomatic carriage, NT‐Sp has emerged as a key player in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene dissemination and serotype replacement in the post‐vaccine era. This systematic review and meta‐ analysis synthesize global evidence on NT‐Sp carriage, its prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and genetic diversity. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was conducted up to May 2025. Eligible studies reporting NT‐Sp carriage, molecular typing, or AMR profiles were included. Data extraction and quality assessment followed PRISMA guidelines. A meta‐analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of NT‐Sp carriage and resistance, with subgroup and meta‐regression analyses exploring heterogeneity. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale adapted for cross‐sectional studies. Only open‐access and free full‐text articles were included, which may have introduced selection bias. Results: Forty studies from 23 countries were included. The pooled NT‐Sp carriage prevalence was 4.64% (95% CI: 2.78%–6.92%), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 97.1%, 95% CI: 96.6%–97.5%). Subgroup analyses revealed geographic vari ation, with Oceania showing the highest prevalence (7.24%, 95% CI: 1.39%–17.04%) and North America the lowest (0.44%, 95% CI: 0.05%–1.11%). Age‐stratified analysis showed that studies, including all ages had the highest estimate (29.88%, 95% CI: 0.00%–100.00%), while children had a pooled prevalence of 4.05% (95% CI: 0.00%–15.80%). Vaccination era did not significantly influence NT‐Sp carriage (p = 0.312). Resistance was highest for co‐trimoxazole (67.21%, 95% CI: 49.92%–82.73%), penicillin (44.57%, 95% CI: 24.45%–65.50%), and erythromycin (39.85%, 95% CI: 19.58%–61.77%). Meta‐regression identified the “all ages” participant category as a significant predictor of lower NT‐Sp prevalence (p = 0.034). Molecular tools revealed substantial genomic diversity, with dominant clonal complexes varying by region. Conclusion: NT‐Sp is a globally distributed and genetically diverse pneumococcal subset with considerable AMR potential. Its persistence post‐PCV introduction and resistance gene carriage highlights the need for improved detection, molecular surveillance, and consideration in next‐generation vaccine development. Specifically, clinical laboratories in high‐prevalence settings should adopt molecular methods (e.g., PCR or WGS) to detect NT‐Sp in carriage surveillance; empirical antibiotic guidelines for pediatric respiratory infections should consider NT‐Sp resistance patterns, particularly the high prevalence of co‐trimoxazole resistance (67%) and next‐ generation PCV trials should include NT‐Sp carriage as an exploratory endpoint. Integrating NT‐Sp into global pneumococcal control strategies is essential.
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    Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access ,
    Neonatal Bloodstream Infections: A Narrative Review on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges and Prospects in Developing Countries
    (Health Science Reports, 2026-06-20) Odoom, A.; Osman, A.; Ntim, O.K.; Kotey, F.C.N.; Donkor, E.S.
    Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) pose a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Neonates are highly vulnerable due to underdeveloped immune systems and immature physical barriers, a risk amplified by poor hygiene and limited healthcare access in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), leading to an estimated incidence of 5.5 cases per 1000 live births. This review aims to provide insight into the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of neonatal BSIs in developing countries and to identify prospects for improving their diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This review employed a nonsystematic narrative approach. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search prioritized peer‐reviewed articles, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published within the past decade (2015–2025). Results: Diagnosis is severely hampered by nonspecific symptoms and limitations of conventional methods like blood culture, especially in resource‐constrained settings lacking advanced molecular diagnostics. This often necessitates empirical antibiotic treatment, which intensifies antimicrobial resistance (AMR), complicates therapy, and leads to adverse outcomes. Promising solutions include rapid diagnostic technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), clinical decision support systems (CDSS), novel antimicrobial agents, alternative therapies like maternal immunization, and robust public health strategies, such as anti microbial stewardship and stringent infection prevention. Conclusion: Addressing this complex issue requires concerted global efforts, substantial investment in local laboratory infrastructure, enhanced healthcare provider training, and the development of context‐appropriate, affordable solutions to improve neonatal outcomes in LMICs.
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    Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access ,
    Delphi Survey To Explore Core Curriculum For Training The Next Generation Of Hepatologists
    (JHEP Reports, 2026-09) Xu, X.; Shi, Y.; Tacke, F.; George, J.; et al.
    Background & Aims: Hepatology is experiencing major shifts in disease etiologies and is raising demand for multidisciplinary care. However, a globally harmonized framework defining core training content remains lacking. We aimed to develop a globally informed expert consensus framework for the content of core hepatology training, to provide a structured foundation for cur riculum development. Methods: A two-round modified Delphi using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was conducted. A comprehensive list of curriculum items was developed from international training standards, refined by a steering committee, and rated by a stratified international panel. Consensus was determined using medians and a disagreement index (DI), which classified curriculum items as essential, desirable, or optional. Results: A total of 456 experts completed Round 1, of whom 78.7% also completed Round 2. Consensus was strongest for foundational knowledge and core diagnostic skills, including interpretation of abnormal liver function and liver screening test results, and non-invasive fibrosis assessment (both DI = 0). Management of major liver diseases was consistently prioritized as essential. Procedures with the highest endorsement for independent performance were paracentesis, transient elastography, variceal screening, and endoscopic variceal therapy. Consensus was limited for conventional ultrasonography and advanced interventions, reflecting regional variability in resources and scope of practice. Most experts (79.1%) supported formal training in research methodology, and the median recommended fellowship length was 24 months. Subgroup differences were mainly observed in selected resource-dependent or highly specialized items. Conclusions: This global consensus offers a priority-stratified outline of core hepatology training content providing a practical foundation for curriculum development and staged implementation across diverse health systems.
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    Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access ,
    Integrated HIV and TB Services for the Management of Coinfection in West Africa: A Scoping Review of Strategies, Outcomes, Barriers and Enablers
    (Health Science Reports, 2026-08-12) Nartey, C.M.; Afrane, A.K.A.; Tagoe, B.; Kwapong, A.A.; Amponsah, S.K.
    Background and Aim: There is a concern about treatment outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis infections in West Africa. This has led to a focus on the development of strategies for integrated care; however, data on the barriers and enablers of these strategies are limited. The scoping review aimed to map strategies for the integrated management of HIV and TB services in West Africa and identify barriers and enablers influencing implementation. Methods: The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review design was used for the study. The PRISMA extension for scoping review guidelines were followed meticulously. Four data sources (Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL) were searched for strategies of integrated management for HIV and TB co‐infection in West Africa, from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2022. Of the 813 records screened, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Seven key components were identified: anti‐TB therapy (for active co‐infection), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), tuberculosis infection control (TBIC), antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, TB testing, co‐trimoxazole preventive therapy (prophylaxis), and patient education/counseling. ART initiation and TB testing showed moderate‐to‐high success (75%–98% testing rates), while isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and TBIC had poor implementation (median IPT score: 0 in Ghana; 0%–42% TBIC adherence). The treatment success rates of the integrated management of HIV and TB co‐infection reached 77% in settings with robust integration although mortality remained high (15%–19.5%). Barriers included staff shortages, stigma, inadequate financing, drug shortages, infrastructure gaps and fear of adverse drug interactions. The enablers were patient education, healthcare worker training, optimized logistics and strengthened health information systems. Conclusion: Integration of TB and HIV services was found to be possible in West Africa, with different degrees of effectiveness due to differences in law and local settings. Scaling up requires addressing health system barriers, enhancing training, and leveraging enablers such as patient empowerment and data‐driven logistics.