Welcome to UGSpace
UGSpace is the institutional repository of the University of Ghana. UGSpace is an open access electronic archive for the collection, preservation and distribution of digital materials to:
- facilitate the deposit of digital content of a scholarly or heritage nature
- and ultimately share, preserve and promote the intellectual output of the University in a managed environment.
results
Discover Items
Communities in UGSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
- Review books or articles provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research. These are considered as secondary literature since they generally do not present new data from the author's experimental work. Review articles can be of three types, broadly speaking: literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It also the researcher to stay abreast of new literature in the field.
- Grey literature consists of research and information produced outside conventional publishing channels, such as reports, policy briefs, working papers, and conference materials. It offers valuable insights and data that complement peer-reviewed sources, supporting research, policy, and practice.
- The J. H. Kwabena Nketia Archives preserve Ghanaian and African cultural heritage through music, oral traditions, photographs, and audiovisual collections. Guided by Professor Nketia’s vision that African traditional arts must be collected, preserved, practiced, and continually inspire creative expression, the Archives serve as a living resource for scholarship, teaching, and innovation
Recent Submissions
Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , The Home Matters Influences Of Household And Student Factors On Early Grade Learning Outcomes In Ghana(Early Child Development and Care, 2026-04-26) Kyei, J.J.; Kyei, P.S.Using a sample of 3,742 Ghanaian children (M = 6.1, SD = 1.2) in Kindergarten 1 through Primary 1 across the Greater Accra and Central regions, this cross sectional study examined the influence of household and student characteristics on early grade learning. Regression analyses showed that caregiver engagement, specifically reading and homework support, was positively associated with academic performance, whereas limited home resources were negatively associated. Moderated mediation analyses revealed a significant mediation effect of caregiver engagement on the relationship between home resources and academic performance in two-parent and mother-only households, but not in father-only or neither-parent households. However, the strength of this mediated effect did not differ across family structures. Age and grade predicted learning outcomes, highlighting the importance of developmentally appropriate support and school entry practices. The findings of the study emphasize the need for inclusive, context-sensitive interventions targeting home learning environmentsItem type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Genetic Diversity And Drug Resistance Mutations Of HIV-1 In Ghana: A Systematic Review Of Two Decades(BMC Infectious Diseases, 2026-02-26) Appiah, P.; Adusei-Poku, M.; Obeng, B.M.; Ankamah, S.; et al.Background Since the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there has been a significant reduction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) related mortality and morbidity. Nonetheless, drug resistance has emerged significantly, affecting treatment outcomes, but there is limited surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance and subtype diversity, which is critical for clinical decision-making on therapeutic choices as well as public health control measures. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze data from 2004 to 2024 on subtype diversity and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among persons living with HIV-1 in Ghana. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting on HIV-1 subtype diversity, drug resistance, or both among individuals in Ghana published from 2004 to 2024 and reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024529606). Results A total of 2472 studies were screened, 28 were selected for full-text review, and 18 were included. The overall sample size was 2001 individuals. HIV-1 subtypes observed were CRF02_AG (68.9%), A (2.2%), A3 (1.7%), B (2.1%), C (0.6%), G (3.5%), CRF06_cpx (3.3%), CRF09_cpx (0.6%), and other recombinant forms (16.8%). Only one occurrence was observed each for Subtypes D and K. Key DRMs for NRTIs were documented, with M184V/I detected at 41.2%, followed by M41L (15.4%) and T215Y/F (11.8%). For NNRTIs, DRMs were in the set as K103N (28.4%), G190A/S (10.1%), and V106I/AT (10.7%). The DRMs for PI were primarily marked by M46I/L (25.0%), while I54V, L90M, and V82A were each identified in 12.5% of cases. The INSTIs accessory mutations observed were L74I/M (46.7%), E157Q (20.0%), G163R/K and T97A (13.3% each). Only two studies analyzed sequences for DRMs from the integrase gene; however, these were accessory DRMs and are not known to produce resistance to the current INSTI regimen. Also, mutational profiles varied notably by ART history, and key mutations in NRTIs, NNRTIs, and INSTIs were significantly associated with ART experience. Conclusion The findings reveal CRF02_AG predominance and a considerable increase in NNRTI DRMs, highlighting the need for tailored therapies and continued surveillance to address emerging resistance in Ghana.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Enhancing The Uptake Of Intermittent Preventive Treatment For Malaria In Pregnancy: A Scoping Review Of Interventions And Gender-Informed Approaches(Malaria Journal, 2025-02-18) Kretchy, I.A.; Atobrah, D.; Adumbire, D.A.; Ankamah, S.; et al.Background Malaria infection in pregnancy is a critical determinant of maternal and neonatal health outcomes in endemic regions. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) using sulfadoxine-pyrimeth amine has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), but its uptake remains low because of fac tors such as gender norms and expectations. However, interventions to optimize IPTp uptake, especially in malaria endemic regions, have resulted in a decline in malaria during pregnancy, maternal and neonatal mortality, low birth weight, and placental parasitaemia. This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on IPTp uptake, particularly emphasizing gender-related strategies. Methods The modified version of Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were adopted for this review. Documents were retrieved from the following electronic databases and search engines: scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Com plete (EBSCO), PubMed, WHO, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar. The titles and abstracts of the publications were independently screened via Rayyan review management software, and the data were organized using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and gender analysis matrix. Results A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most reported criterion was the effectiveness of the inter ventions, which demonstrated an increase in IPTp uptake after the intervention. The gender analysis framework revealed that involving both men and women in decision-making processes, empowering women, and promoting shared roles could improve the success of IPTp interventions. Conclusions Interventions to increase IPTp uptake should be targeted at empowering women through education, increasing financial independence, and making decisions about their health.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , In Vitro Antitrypanosomal Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of the Constituents of the Dichloromethane Fraction of Talbotiella Gentii Stem Bark(University of Ghana, 2025) Turkson, E. A. T.Trypanosomiasis remains a major neglected tropical disease, with existing therapies limited by toxicity, drug resistance, and poor accessibility in endemic regions, emphasizing the need for safer chemotherapeutic agents from natural sources. This study investigated Talbotiella gentii Hutch. & Greenway (Fabaceae-Detarioideae), a critically endangered Ghanaian plant traditionally used to manage stomach disorders, to determine whether it contains phytoconstituents with antitrypanosomal potential. The research was guided by the hypothesis that some of its bioactive compounds possess antiparasitic properties capable of inhibiting key Trypanosoma brucei enzymes. The dichloromethane (DCM) stem bark extract was subjected to chromatographic separation and spectroscopic analysis, yielding three known compounds, friedelan-3-one (friedelin), lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol (lupeol), and a sterol mixture containing stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (β sitosterol) and (22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (stigmasterol), as well as a semi-synthetic derivative, lup-20(29)-en-3β-yl acetate (lupeol acetate). In vitro assays on the isolates against Trypanosoma brucei brucei using the Alamar Blue method revealed that lupeol acetate exhibited the highest potency (IC50 = 2.9 µg/mL), followed by lupeol (IC50 = 3.5 µg/mL), the sterol mixture (IC50 = 13.9 µg/mL), and friedelin (IC50 = 45.5 µg/mL), relative to diminazene aceturate (IC50 = 0.05 µg/mL). The docking results showed that all compounds demonstrated significant binding to TbDHFR, with binding energies ranging from -10.8 to -8.7 kcal/mol, surpassing those of reference inhibitors cycloguanil and pyrimethamine (-8.0 and -7.2 kcal/mol, respectively). Additionally, all compounds displayed strong binding affinities for TbPTR1, with binding scores ranging from 11.2 to -9.0 kcal/mol, which were superior to the standard inhibitor. These results suggest that the compounds may inhibit both enzymes, thereby contributing to their observed antitrypanosomal activity by potential mechanisms of action through DHFR and PTR1 inhibition. These findings provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of T. gentii and constitute the first report on its phytochemical and antitrypanosomal profile, highlighting lupeol and lupeol acetate as a promising lead scaffolds. The results enhance understanding of triterpenoid and sterol structure–activity relationships and underscore the potential of Fabaceae-derived metabolites as templates for developing safer and affordable antitrypanosomal drugs.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Gender And Teaching Experience Disparities In Information And Communication Technology Integration In Early Childhood Education(Cogent Education, 2025-12-23) Amponsah, K.D.; Aheto, S.K.; Ocloo, P.E.D.This study explores disparities in information and communication technology (ICT) integration in Ghanaian early childhood education (ECE) taking into account gender and years of teaching experience. The study aims at understanding how these factors influence teachers’ confidence and frequency in using ICT tools. The cross-sectional design and quantitative research methodology were employed to analyse data from 49 teacher-respondents from both public and private schools using a standardised questionnaire. Teacher-respondents represented a diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and ICT proficiency levels. Our findings confirmed that no gender is innately more equipped to integrate ICT into the classroom but instead, given equal opportunities and the needed support both male and female teachers successfully perform. Again, we found that years of teaching experience did not influence ICT integration in ECE, rather, it highlighted the need for tailored professional development and support. Researchers recommend that teacher training programmes should enhance ICT focused professional development and mentorship to ensure all educators, regardless of gender or experience, are confident and competent in using classroom technology.