Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence, Genotypes, and Associated Risk Factors among Female Sex Workers in Greater Accra, Ghana
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Date
2019-06-02
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of Oncology
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease mediated by persistent infectionwith high-riskHuman Papillomaviruses (Hr-HPV).
There are now three approved vaccines against themost common HPV genotypes. In Ghana,mortality due to cervical cancer is on
the rise, due to the absence of an organized and effective cervical cancer prevention and control program. Data on circulatingHPV
genotypes is important for studying the likely impact of mass introduction of HPV vaccination of the female population before
sexual debut. High HPV prevalence has been reported in Female Sex Workers (FSWs), who constitute an important active group
for maintenance of HPV in the population.This study was conducted to determine the size of HPV prevalence in this group and
to provide information for future assessment of the impact of vaccine introduction in the country.We conducted a cross-sectional
study where the snowballing technique was used to identify and select FSW’s ≥18 years, operating within suburbs of Greater Accra
Region (GAR). A risk factor assessment interview was conducted and cervical swabs were collected for HPV-DNA detection and
genotyping by Nested Multiplex PCR. Hundred participants, age ranging from 18 to 45 years, median 24 years, were studied.The
prevalence of Cervical HPV was 26%. Eleven genotypes were detected comprising 9 high-risk in order of decreasing prevalence
HPV-16 (8%), HPV-35 (5%), HPV-33/39/-68 (3%), HPV-52/51/59 (2%) and HPV-18 (1%) and 2 Low-risk types, HPV-42(3%), and
HPV-43 (1%).Three women had HPV types that could not be genotyped by our method. Oral contraceptives use was associated
with a reduced chance of HPV infection (P=0.002; OR=0.19, 95% CI 0.07-0.54).This study found a high HPV prevalence among
FSWs in the GAR. A high number of Hr-HPV genotypes seen are vaccine preventable, providing additional compelling argument
for implementing a national cervical cancer prevention plan including vaccination
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Genotypes, Cervical cancer, high-riskHuman Papillomaviruses (Hr-HPV)., HPV vaccination