Associations Of Blood Glucose Levels With Some Diabetes Risk Factors (Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure And Total Body Fat) In Inhabitants Of Ho Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Survey
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Date
2021
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development
Abstract
One complex metabolic disorder that can unenviably affect normal human
physiology is diabetes mellitus (DM). It is indeed one of the most common noncommunicable diseases that have heightened to an epidemic level worldwide. For diseases
like DM, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type II DM, and other chronic diseases,
body mass index (BMI) is identified as a positive and independent risk factor associated
with morbidity and mortality. The study's objective was to determine the
relationships between BMI, blood pressure, and total body fat among inhabitants of peri-urban Ho, Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was carried out between May and June 2018,
among 132 inhabitants of Ho to determine the prevalence and associations among DM
risk factors. The participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Standardized
international protocols measured BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, and
total body fat. Out of 132 respondents, 96 (72.7%) were female and the most
common age group was 54-60 (31.1%). From the BMI classifications, 65 (49.2%) people
were of normal weight while 6 (4.5%) were underweight. Total body fat (%) and blood
pressure, likewise total body fat and BMI recorded significant associations of values
(0.299, p<0.001-systolic; 0.298, p=0.001-diastolic), and 0.585 (p<0.001), respectively.
On the contrary, there were insignificant associations found between blood glucose and
diastolic blood pressure and also blood glucose and systolic blood pressure (0.100,
p=0.253) and (0.057. p=0.514), respectively using Spearman’s correlation analysis.
Lastly, the test of association of socio-demographics and anthropometrics revealed there
was a significant (p<0.001) correlation between total body fat and BMI using Pearson’s
correlation analysis. BMI is closely related to total body fat and blood pressure; hence,
education on lifestyle modification needs to be intensified to create awareness among the
inhabitants of Ho municipality of Ghana. It is imperative to educate Ghanaians and
beyond about the risk factor associations that predispose an individual to DM.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus, risk factors, associations, BMI, blood glucose, blood pressure