University of Ghana Medical School

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    Alcohol consumption and fruits and vegetable intake among older adults in Ghana: a cross-sectional survey based on WHO-SAGE Wave 2 data
    (BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 2020) Tachi, K.; Tetteh, J.; Archampong, T.; et.al
    Background Alcohol consumption and inadequate fruits and vegetable (FnV) intake are major reasons for the shift from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the years. The older Ghanaian adult is at high risk of NCD and data on alcohol and FnV consumption are required to guide policy to mitigate its effect. This analysis aimed to determine the factors associated with alcohol consumption and assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and FnV intake among Ghanaians aged 50 years and older. Methods This analysis used WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 2, Ghana data set conducted between 2014 and 2015. Data on demographic characteristics, FnV intake, and alcohol consumption were collated and analysed. Multivariable Poisson, logistic and probit regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between alcohol consumption and inadequate FnV intake. Results A total of 3533 Ghanaians aged 50 years and older, 41.0% men and 59.0% women, were included in this study. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption was 22.8% (95% CI 20.7% to 25.1%). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with sex, age group, marital status, religion, place of residence and history of smoking. The prevalence of adequate FnV intake was 52.6% with a mean daily intake of 6.45 servings: 2.98 for fruits and 3.47 for vegetables. There was a significant positive correlation between inadequate FnV intake and alcohol consumption. Inadequate FnV consumption was significantly higher among lifetime alcohol consumers compared with non alcohol consumers. (Poisson estimate; adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) (95% CI)=1.35 (1.12 to 1.63), logistic estimate; adjusted Old Ratio (aOR) (95% CI)=1.13 (1.05 to 1.21) and probit estimate; adjusted normalized coefficient (aβ) (95% CI)=0.19 (0.07 to 0.31)) Conclusion About a quarter and nearly half of older Ghanaian adults consume alcohol and inadequate FnV, respectively. Alcohol consumption is significantly associated with inadequate FnV intake. Interventions to address inadequate FnV intake among older adults in Ghana should also include policies that regulate the use of alcohol in this population.
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    Introduction to Foodborne Infections and Intoxications Subtitle: An African Perspective
    (Office of Research, Innovation and Development, University of Ghana, Legon, 2023) Sampane-Donkor, E.; Kotey, F.C.N.; Darkwah, S.; Owusu, I.A.; Tetteh-Quarcoo, P.B.; Dayie, N.T.K.D.
    Foodborne infections and intoxications pose a significant global health threat, especially in Africa and other low-income regions. The goal of this book is to explore the intricate web of factors that influence foodborne infections in Africa. It delves into specific aspects of food safety, providing insights into the unique challenges and opportunities that Africa presents. By integrating disciplines such as microbiology, epidemiology, veterinary medicine, public health, and food science, the textbook advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to develop effective preventive measures, surveillance systems, and interventions.
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    Introduction to Foodborne Infections and Intoxications Subtitle: An African Perspective
    (Office of Research, Innovation and Development, University of Ghana, Legon, 2024) Sampane-Donkor, E.; Kotey, F.C.N.; Darkwah, S.; Owusu, I.A.; Tetteh-Quarcoo, P.B.; Dayie, N.T.K.D.
    Foodborne infections and intoxications pose a significant global health threat, especially in Africa and other low-income regions. The goal of this book is to explore the intricate web of factors that influence foodborne infections in Africa. It delves into specific aspects of food safety, providing insights into the unique challenges and opportunities that Africa presents. By integrating disciplines such as microbiology, epidemiology, veterinary medicine, public health, and food science, the textbook advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to develop effective preventive measures, surveillance systems, and interventions.
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    Introduction to Foodborne Infections and Intoxications Subtitle: An African Perspective
    (Office of Research, Innovation and Development, University of Ghana, Legon, 2023) Sampane-Donkor, E.; Kotey, F.C.N.; Darkwah, S.; Owusu, I.A.; Tetteh-Quarcoo, P.B.; Dayie, N.T.K.D.
    Foodborne infections and intoxications pose a significant global health threat, especially in Africa and other low-income regions. The goal of this book is to explore the intricate web of factors that influence foodborne infections in Africa. It delves into specific aspects of food safety, providing insights into the unique challenges and opportunities that Africa presents. By integrating disciplines such as microbiology, epidemiology, veterinary medicine, public health, and food science, the textbook advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to develop effective preventive measures, surveillance systems, and interventions
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    Forensic Science and the Forensic Biochemist
    (Office of Research, Innovation and Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra Ghana., 2023) Korkor, A.G.
    Forensic science has received more attention lately and this has led burgeoning of University courses being embedded with it. This book has new case studies with probable exams - oriented questions as well as uncovering the various activities of the forensic biochemist and the need for standardization of protocols. Target group for this book include undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers, and forensic practitioners.
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    Colour Atlas of Children’s Diseases
    (Office of Research, Innovation and Development, University of Ghana, Legon, 2023) Badoe, E.
    A distillation of clinical experience starting off as “what you should know” about a disease condition and then differential diagnosis for a disease state. It is written in a straightforward, easy-to-digest format. It covers virtually every clinical condition a student is likely to meet during training and subsequent years. The Atlas is targeted at medical students and early trainees in the field of Paediatrics who wish to improve their knowledge in the shortest possible time. Nurses and other allied Health Professionals may find the atlas useful as they try to understand the varied cases that may present to them on the wards. It is recommended that standard textbooks in Paediatrics are consulted for more information on the images shown.A distillation of clinical experience starting off as “what you should know” about a disease condition and then differential diagnosis for a disease state. It is written in a straightforward, easy-to-digest format. It covers virtually every clinical condition a student is likely to meet during training and subsequent years. The Atlas is targeted at medical students and early trainees in the field of Paediatrics who wish to improve their knowledge in the shortest possible time. Nurses and other allied Health Professionals may find the atlas useful as they try to understand the varied cases that may present to them on the wards. It is recommended that standard textbooks in Paediatrics are consulted for more information on the images shown.
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    Changing landscape of public health and medical education curriculum
    (Ghana Medical Journal, 2018-09) Ofori-Adjei, D.
    The landscape of public health in many sub-Saharan African countries has been changing rapidly over the past few decades. Marked changes have been seen in the demographic structure of populations, economics, lifestyle changes, social upheavals (war and migration) and these have impacted disease patterns. The population structure indicates that the workforce age band is showing a bulge and life expectancy is ris-ing with an increasingly elderly population. The eco-nomic status of many of these sub-Saharan countries are said to be improving with changes in status from low income to low middle income status. Newer health technologies have influenced the diagnos-ing, assessment and treatment of health problems. Pub-lic health challenges are transitioning from communica-ble diseases to non-communicable diseases, with no discernible reduction in infections, such that sub-Saharan African countries are said to be suffering from the double burden of disease. This change has risen to such levels that non-communicable diseases are rapidly becoming major causes of morbidity and mortality. While some communicable diseases remain endemic, several strategies exist for minimising their health ef-fects. Outbreaks of new and emerging infections have exposed the inadequacies of the health systems, such as occurred with the recent outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa.
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    Anatomy and blood supply of the urethra and penis
    (Urethral Reconstructive Surgery, 2006-01) Quartey, J.K.M.
    The penis is made up of three cylindrical erectile bodies. The pendulous anterior portion hangs from the lower anterior surface of the symphysis pubis. The two dorsolateral corpora cavernosa are fused together, with an incomplete septum dividing them. The third and smaller corpus spongiosum lies in the ventral groove between the corpora cavernosa, and is traversed by the centrally placed urethra. Its distal end is expanded into a conical glans, which is folded dorsally and proximally to cover the ends of the corpora cavernosa and ends in a prominent ridge, the corona. The corona passes laterally and then curves distally to meet in a V ventrally and anterior to the frenulum, a fold of skin just proximal to the external urethral meatus. The erectile tissue of the corpora cavernosa is made up of blood spaces lined by endothelium enclosed in a tough fibroelastic covering, the tunica albuginea. The corpus spongiosum is smaller with a much thinner tunica albuginea, and its erectile tissue surrounds the urethra. Proximally, at the base of the pendulous penis, the corpora cavernosa separate to become the crura, which are attached to the inferomedial margins of the pubic arch and adjoining inferior surface of the urogenital diaphragm. The corpus spongiosum becomes expanded into the bulb, which is adherent in the midline to the inferior surface of the urogenital diaphragm. This is the fixed part of the penis, and is known as the root of the penis. The urethra runs in the dorsal part of the bulb and makes an almost right-angled bend to pass superiorly through the urogenital diaphragm to become the membranous urethra.
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    Neurulation
    (Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 2009-12) Lawson, A.; Schoenwolf, G.C.
    Formation of the neural tube, the rudiment of the central nervous system, occurs through the process of neurulation. Neurulation occurs in two phases, primary and secondary, and each phase involves multiple stages. Failure of neurulation to occur properly results in neural tube defects - severely debilitating and potentially life-threatening birth defects in which neural tissue protrudes through the skin. The tissue/cellular bases of neurulation are well understood, but its molecular basis is just beginning to be revealed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
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    Department of Anaesthetics