Department of Chemical Pathology

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    Determinant Of Hepatotoxicity Using First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Among Tuberculosis Infected Patients In Central Region, Ghana
    (University of Ghana, 2020-10) Botchway, E.N.Y.E.
    Background: Tuberculosis (TB), remains a public health problem worldwide, especially with the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), and the extensive drug-resistant (XDR). The recommended combination of a standard treatment regimen for new susceptible cases of TB, anti-TB drugs: Isoniazid [H], Rifampicin [R], Ethambutol [E], and Pyrazinamide [Z], have been of a greater benefit. Despite the efficacy of these drugs (particularly H, Z, and R), they are known to possess hepatotoxic effects causing a variety of adverse reactions. Anti-TB drug induced hepatotoxicity (anti-TB-DIH) accounts for significant morbidity and seems to be many in the third world nations such as Ghana where multidrug resistance is on the increase. The reason behind this higher incidence in developing countries remains uncertain. Ghana lacks evidential document on this adverse effects, hence the need for this present study which seeks to determine hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs and to find out risk factors among TB infected patients receiving first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for TB treatment at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH). Methods: A prospective cohort study on 40 newly diagnosed TB infected patients was conducted from May 2018 to October 2019 at the CCTH, Central Region of Ghana. These patients were of age eighteen and above and due for first-line TB drugs. Patients with normal baseline liver function tests (LFT) , with no viral hepatitis, HIV negative status, no chronic liver disease or renal insufficiency, and receiving the TB therapeutic regimen, were recruited for this study after obtaining informed consent and were followed up through the intensive phase (first two months) of the TB treatment. Participant’s socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements were collated. Six millimeters of venous blood was taken from each participant, before and after initiation of the anti-TB drugs. The liver enzymes levels (ALT, AST, ALP and TBB) and hemoglobin, total white blood cell count, red blood cell count and platelet count were analyzed two weeks interval, during treatment. Patients with high levels of liver enzymes after repeated testing were categorized as having hepatotoxicity and then evaluated for various factors such as age, gender, alcohol intake and the concomitant use of other drugs. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), a statistical software for Windows was used to analyse data. Results: An incidence of 15% (6 patients out of 40) anti-TB-DIH was observed. A significant rise in median concentrations of serum transaminases as well as aneamia and hypoalbumineamia, were seen among the hepatotoxic group. The onset of anti-TB-DIH was 4.3 weeks (range, 2 - 8) after the initiation of therapy. Of the several risk factors analyzed, age alone was found, related to the development of anti-TB-DIH (p=0.008). Conclusion: The anti-TB-DIH incidence in the Central Region of Ghana was 15 %. The onset of the development of anti-TB-DIH was 4.3 weeks. Age emerged as a predictor for developing anti-TB-DIH.
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    Determinant of Hepatotoxicity Using First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs among Tuberculosis Infected Patients in Central Region, Ghana
    (University of Ghana, 2020-10) Botchway, E.N.E.Y.
    Background: Tuberculosis (TB), remains a public health problem worldwide, especially with the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), and the extensive drug-resistant (XDR). The recommended combination of a standard treatment regimen for new susceptible cases of TB, anti-TB drugs: Isoniazid [H], Rifampicin [R], Ethambutol [E], and Pyrazinamide [Z], have been of a greater benefit. Despite the efficacy of these drugs (particularly H, Z, and R), they are known to possess hepatotoxic effects causing a variety of adverse reactions. Anti-TB drug induced hepatotoxicity (anti-TB-DIH) accounts for significant morbidity and seems to be many in the third world nations such as Ghana where multidrug resistance is on the increase. The reason behind this higher incidence in developing countries remains uncertain. Ghana lacks evidential document on this adverse effects, hence the need for this present study which seeks to determine hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs and to find out risk factors among TB infected patients receiving first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for TB treatment at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH). Methods: A prospective cohort study on 40 newly diagnosed TB infected patients was conducted from May 2018 to October 2019 at the CCTH, Central Region of Ghana. These patients were of age eighteen and above and due for first-line TB drugs. Patients with normal baseline liver function tests (LFT) , with no viral hepatitis, HIV negative status, no chronic liver disease or renal insufficiency, and receiving the TB therapeutic regimen, were recruited for this study after obtaining informed consent and were followed up through the intensive phase (first two months) of the TB treatment. Participant’s socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements were collated. Six millimeters of venous blood was taken from each participant, before and after initiation of the anti-TB drugs. The liver enzymes levels (ALT, AST, ALP and TBB) and hemoglobin, total white blood cell count, red blood cell count and platelet count were analyzed two weeks interval, during treatment. Patients with high levels of liver enzymes after repeated testing were categorized as having hepatotoxicity and then evaluated for various factors such as age, gender, alcohol intake and the concomitant use of other drugs. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), a statistical software for Windows was used to analyse data. Results: An incidence of 15% (6 patients out of 40) anti-TB-DIH was observed. A significant rise in median concentrations of serum transaminases as well as aneamia and hypoalbumineamia, were seen among the hepatotoxic group. The onset of anti-TB-DIH was 4.3 weeks (range, 2 - 8) after the initiation of therapy. Of the several risk factors analyzed, age alone was found, related to the development of anti-TB-DIH (p=0.008). Conclusion: The anti-TB-DIH incidence in the Central Region of Ghana was 15 %. The onset of the development of anti-TB-DIH was 4.3 weeks. Age emerged as a predictor for developing anti-TB-DIH.
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    Serum Proteins (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Globulins) and Oncotic Pressure in Ghanaian Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
    (University of Ghana, 2020-07) Egyam, B.C.
    Background: Nephrotic syndrome, which involves the leakage of serum proteins, especially albumin, into urine, is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in sub-Saharan Africa, and hence constitutes a major threat to public health. Nonetheless, current studies on the condition are limited, especially in Africa. Moreover, studies reporting on proteinuria and oncotic pressure in patients with nephrotic syndrome have predominantly focused on the predominant protein lost – albumin. However, to compensate for the absence of albumin, the liver synthesizes other proteins. Yet, little is known about these other proteins, and their clinical relevance is yet to be fully elucidated. General aim: To investigate oncotic pressure, albumin and non-albumin proteins in the serum of Ghanaian patients with and without nephrotic syndrome Methodology: This was a case-control study involving ninety-nine (99) individuals with nephrotic syndrome (comprising of 51 males and 48 females) and forty-seven (47) individuals without the disease (comprising of 21 males and 26 females) aged up to 91 years recruited at MDS-Lancet Laboraroties Ghana Limited. Socio-demographic and clinical data of study participants were gathered by means of a standard questionnaire and a review of patients’ laboratory request forms. Six milliliters (6 ml) of venous blood sample was taken from each participant, and used to determine albumin, and different globulins in serum, as well as colloid osmotic pressure. Electrophoresis technique was also used to separate proteins, with various fractions determined by a densitometer. The oncotic pressure was calculated using standard factors. Results: Of the 146 individuals who volunteered as participants of the study, males comprised 51.5% (n = 51) and females comprised 48.5% (n = 48) in the neprotic syndrome group, whereas in the control group, the males and females comprised 44.7% (n = 21) and 55.3% (n = 26) respectively. The mean age of the study participants was 46.95±22.19 years in the nephrotic syndrome group and 45.72±16.08 years in the control group. Serum levels of alpha-2-globulin, C-reactive protein, urea, gamma globulins, and calcium were significantly higher in the nephrotic syndrome group than in the control group, whereas a decrease was observed for transferrin, total proteins, albumins, beta-1-globulins, and colloid osmotic pressure. Moreover, serum levels of C-reactive protein (OR = 1.41, p = 0.005) and gamma globulin (OR = 4.12, p = 0.005) were independent risk factors, increasing the odds of occurrence of nephrotic syndrome by about one and a half and four folds respectively. Conclusion: The nephrotic syndrome group were found to have lost C-reactive protein, urea, gamma globulins, and calcium into the serum, co-occurring with a lower colloid osmotic pressure and serum levels of transferrin, total proteins, albumins, and beta-1-globulins compared to the control group. Levels of C-reactive protein and gamma globulin increased the odds of occurrence of nephrotic syndrome.
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    Levels of Anti-Insulin Antibodies in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy Attending National Diabetes Research and Management Centre in Accra
    (University of Ghana, 2021-03) Mohammed, B.N.
    Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, and has attained epidemic status the past few decades especially in middle and low income countries. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and remains a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the working-age population in the developing world. Anti-insulin antibodies are glycoprotein molecules produced by the immune system and play a significant role in the body‘s defense against pathogens. These immuno-globulins, especially IgE, may be responsible for allergies by increasing the porosity of the blood retinal barrier causing leakage, pericyte and endoththelial cell loss and retinal neovascularization. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) may also be responsible for insulin resistance by upregulation of inflammatory molecule expressions, promoting leakostasis and increasing vascular permeability in retina. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between anti-insulin antibodies and subjects with diabetic retinopathy. Methodology: This was a case-control study involving 90 individuals – forty (40) diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and twenty-five (25) each of individuals with diabetes mellitus and apparently healthy non-diabetics serving as controls recruited at the National Diabetic Research Centre and the eye unit of the Korle-bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). These individuals were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Five milliliters (5mls) of venous blood was taken from participants, following standard procedures, and transported to the Department of Chemical Pathology Research Laboratory for biochemical analysis. With the aid of the Statistical Products and Services Solutions (SPSS), version 25 software, the data obtained were summarized using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and proportions) and further analyzed at a 0.05 alpha level using one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA). Associations between variables were determined using Pearson‘s product-moment correlations. Results: In general, with the exception of the control group, which had a higher proportion of its participants being males (60%, n = 15), most of the participants were females in both the retinopathy (65%, n = 26) and diabetes (76%, n = 19) groups. Higher levels of IgE and IgG concentrations were observed to be higher in diabetic retinopathy subjects than those of the diabetic without retinopathy group (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the factors that had significant associations with anti-insulin IgE and IgG antibodies were: fasting blood glucose, occupation, age, gender, and being on medications (p< 0.05 respectively). Being on nifedipine medication (r = -0.32, p = 0.04) had a significant negative correlation with the levels of anti-insulin IgE antibodies, whiles being on metformin medication (r = 0.32, p = 0.04) had a significant positive relationship with the levels of anti-insulin IgG antibodies. Conclusion: Among the study participants sampled, neither diabetes nor diabetic retinopathy influenced the levels of anti-insulin IgE and IgG antibodies. Furthermore, the factors that had significant associations with anti-insulin IgE and IgG antibodies were: fasting blood glucose, occupation, age, gender, and being on tropicamide, methyldopa, and Phenylephrine medications.
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    The Impact of Malaria on Lipids and Glucocorticoids in Children under Ten Years at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
    (University of Ghana, 2019-07) Armah, B.N.A.
    Background: Malaria is a common and life-threatening disease in Ghana. Malaria infection has been implicated in lipid and glucocorticoid imbalances among children. Cortisol-induced stresses and parasitaemia may affect brain development and risk of cardiovascular disorders among children. Aim: To investigate the impact malaria has on lipids and glucocorticoids in children. . Method: A comparative cross-sectional study using random sampling method was used in this study conducted between the month of February and May, 2019. A sample size of 77 participants comprising 46 cases and 31 controls were involved in the study. Thick and thin blood smears were made for each participant, stained with Giemsa and examined under microscope. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were estimated using a chemistry analyzer. Cortisol levels of participants were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Result: Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for all identified cases of malaria infection in this study. The prevalence of malaria in this study was 59.7%, ages 1-5 years (n=11) had a prevalence of 23.9% whiles 6-9 years (n=35) had a prevalence of 76.1%. Children aged 6-9 years were two times more likely to get malaria than those in the 1-5 years group (OR=1.966, p<0.001). HDL-Chol associated negatively with level of parasitaemia (rho=-0.538, p<0.0001). Triglycerides correlated weakly but positively with malaria count (rho=0.296, p<0.05). No association were observed for LDL-Chol, VLDL- Chol and Total-Chol versus malaria count respectively (p >0.05). Cortisol was not associated with level of parasitaemia in this study (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed no association between cortisol and malaria infection among subjects. HDL-Chol impacted negatively with level of parasitaemia. The implications of malaria on glucocorticoids however merit further research.
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    Evaluation of Renal and Hepatic Dysfunction among Children Less than Five Years with Malaria in Jasikan District, Oti Region- Ghana
    (University Of Ghana, 2019-07) Asare, I.D.
    Background Malaria continues to be a menace in many parts of the world, contributing to high morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Irrespective of the immense contributions made to control malaria infection rates, the infection perpetually plagues numerous lives in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria infection has also been implicated in renal and hepatic dysfunction. The renal dysfunction typifies an increase of urea and creatinine levels in serum whiles the hepatic dysfunction signifies an increase in liver transaminases. Despite the linkage of malaria with kidney and liver dysfunction, their precise interrelationship or interaction especially in children has not been fully elucidated. General aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of malaria infection on renal and hepatic function among children less than five years in Jasikan, Oti- region, Ghana. Methodology A cross-sectional study involving 400 children aged 6-59 months. Participants were tested for malaria parasites using microscopy examination on blood films. Subjects that were positive for the parasite were further categorized into two groups based on the quantification of parasites per micro liter (μl) of blood: children with mild infection (parasitaemia less than 100,000 parasites per microlitre of blood) and those with severe infection (parasitaemia more than 100,000 parasites per microlitre of blood). Malaria negative samples were screened and served as controls. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and bilirubin concentrations were measured to evaluate liver dysfunction whilst serum urea and creatinine were used to assess kidney dysfunction among all participants. Results Results show significant difference (p<0.05) in serum creatinine, urea, AST and ALT levels of children with positive parasitaemia compared with the control group. Among the positive parasitaemia subjects, urea, creatinine, AST and ALT levels were also statistically different (p<0.05) for severe versus mild groups. Serum protein and albumin levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the control group relative to the case group. The serum total and direct bilirubin levels were significantly higher (p< 0.05) in the severe infected group relative to the mild and control groups. Conclusion This study observed that malaria infection has a significant effect on renal and hepatic functions with increasing concentrations paralleling severity of parasitaemia.
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    The Association of Kisspeptin with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
    (University of Ghana, 2019-07) Anim-Ankumah, A.
    Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine abnormality in women of reproductive age which often varies from mild menstrual disorder to severe disturbance of reproductive and metabolic functions. It is characterized by a collection of signs and symptoms which include ovulatory dysfunction-related infertility, menstrual disorders or androgen-related symptoms. Kisspeptin is a 54 amino acid neuropeptide that plays an essential role in human metabolism. It is encoded by the KISS1 gene and excites a reaction cascade in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-axis, which is important in human reproduction. This study was aimed at determining the association of plasma kisspeptin with polycystic ovarian syndrome patients in Ghana. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 81 participants. Of these subjects, 41 were diagnosed with PCOS whiles 40 were apparently healthy and without PCOS. Blood samples of subjects were collected and analysed for kisspeptin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, prolactin and testosterone by ELISA method. Body mass indices (BMI) and fasting blood glucose were also assessed. The difference between the means FBG (mmol/L) and kisspeptin (ng/ml) of PCOS patients and the controls (5.82 ± 0.06 vs 5.37 ± 0.14) [p=0.001], (20.21 ± 1.74 vs 12.15 ± 2.51) [p=0.009] were respectively significant. There were significances in the difference between the two groups for LH and FSH (p= <0.0001) respectively. The difference between means for testosterone between study groups (12.73 ± 0.37 vs 11.27 ± 0.52) was significant (p=0.025). Regression analyses showed that FSH (OR= 0.025, p<0.0001), FBG (OR= 3.33, p=0.047) and LH (OR= 0.162, p=0.013) were associated with kisspeptin levels in PCOS patients. In conclusion, plasma kisspeptin levels were high in PCOS patients, relative to their nonPCOS counterparts. Fasting blood glucose and gonadotropins contributed significantly to the variances in kisspeptin levels seen among PCOS patients.
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    The Effect(S) of Fresh Juice of Morinda Citrifolia Linn (Noni) on Fertility in Male Sprague Dawley Rats
    (University of Ghana, 2019-07) Mensah, S.A.B.
    BACKGROUND Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni), a shrub originating in tropical Asia or Polynesia, has been extensively used in folk medicine and has been reported to have a broad range of health benefits including combating cancer, infection, arthritis, diabetes, asthma, hypertension and pain. Noni juice has also been proven to have a high antioxidant activity. The use of Noni is fast gaining grounds in Ghana. Fertility in humans is very important as it ensures the continuous existence of humans. Male infertility is estimated to be present in about 50% of infertility cases and often results in significant psychosocial and marital stress. M. citrifolia has been linked with increased sperm production and may be useful in the treatment and management of infertility and associated conditions. AIM This research seeks to investigate the effect of fresh Morinda citrifolia L. juice on male fertility in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unripe M.citrifolia fruits were randomly collected, washed and rinsed thoroughly with tap water and subsequently with distilled water. The fruits were air-dried and kept in a sterile container for about 2-3 days to allow ripening. The ripe fruits were squeezed to produce the fresh juice. The juice was collected, aliquoted and administered to the SD rats using a gavage needle. Unused juice was discarded at the end of each week. A total of 60 male laboratory SD rats were used in this study. A qualitative assessment of phytochemicals was performed on the juice. A 14-day oral acute and 28- day sub- acute toxicity tests were conducted. After 28-days administration of the juice, the animals were euthanized, and blood samples were taken for hematology and biochemistry tests. Serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Testosterone were assessed using specific rat ELISA test kits. Sperm count and motility for each animal were also determined. The testes and epidydimis were isolated and their relative weights determined. RESULTS Phytochemicals present in fresh Noni fruit juice included: flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins alkaloids and steroids. Morinda citrifolia L did not have any significant effect (p<0.05) on several biochemical and hematology parameters and on the rat’s vital organs, after a month of Juice administration. Total protein and creatinine concentrations in all sub-acute treatment groups were statistically different (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that fresh fruit juice of M. citrifolia did not have toxic effects on SD rats. It also did not significantly alter gonadal function, sperm count or motility. The significant decrease in serum creatinine concentration in all treatment groups suggests Noni juice can improve kidney function.
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    Serum Leptin Levels among Chronic Kidney Diseased Subjects with Hypertensive Heart Disease attending Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
    (University of Ghana, 2019-10) Adekena, C.N.
    Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health issue. Leptin, a peptide hormone produced by the adipocytes is very important in the regulation of food and energy. Increased Leptin concentrations are seen in CKD, and have been observed to trigger further complications such as cardiovascular diseases with significant mortality. Despite the interrelationship between leptin and CKD, and their associated adverse health outcomes, the precise role of leptin in hypertensive heart disease and CKD is not fully known, and the few studies in this area have been inconsistent. . General aim: This study aimed at evaluating serum leptin levels among CKD patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) attending the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study involving one hundred and eight (108) participants – seventy-two (72) CKD subjects and thirty-six (36) apparently healthy controls. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from the study participants and resulting sera, evaluated for leptin and other biochemical parameters. An independent-samples t-test was used to determine difference in clinical and biochemical parameters between study groups. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of serum leptin in the CKD and control groups. Results: Results show significantly higher serum leptin levels among participants with CKD compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). In the CKD group, being at stage 5 made the largest unique contribution (beta = 0.37, p < 0.0001) to the variance in serum leptin levels, followed by HDL (beta = 0.269, p < 0.0001), FBG (beta = 0.267, p = 0.001), HHD diagnosis of more than 6 years (beta = -0.217, p = 0.020), systolic BP (beta = 0.201, p = 0.030), female gender (beta = 0.191, p = 0.006), Body Mass Index (BMI) (beta = 0.18, p = 0.017), and LDL (beta = 0.177, p = 0.037). In the control group, female gender made the largest unique contribution (beta = 0.709, p < 0.0001) followed by BMI (beta = 0.341, p < 0.0001), and eGFR (beta = -0.222, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher among CKD subjects co-burdened with HHD in Accra. Stage 5 CKD was the most significant predictor of serum leptin. These findings underscore the role of leptin in the biochemical complexities observed in CKD subjects looking at the physiological functions of leptin.
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    Association between Vitamin D and Renal Function Among Ghanaian HIV/AIDS Patients
    (University of Ghana, 2018-07) Ackom, B.
    The prevalence of HIV among Ghanaian youth ranges from 2.4% to 3.5%. Many deaths of HIV patients are caused by complications like renal and cardiovascular diseases. Rapid replication of HIV which is favored by increased oxidative stress and the attack of reactive oxidative species (ROS) on the CD4+ T-cells are the major causes of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV/AIDS patients. Effective circulating antioxidant and minerals may play important role in curtailing the deleterious effect of ROS. HIV-infected persons have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Some antiretroviral drugs are known to interfere with vitamin D metabolism causing deficiency of vitamin D. Thus, the intake of micronutrients including vitamin D is encouraged. Micronutrients like vitamin D when taken in higher doses can lead to hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia usually contributes to calcium deposits in the kidney causing kidney stones, kidney damage and eventually kidney failure. General Aim: This study aimed at determining the serum vitamin D levels and establishing its association with kidney function among Ghanaian HIV/AIDS patients on HAART with or without vitamin supplements Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Fevers Unit of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and the Chemical Pathology Department of the College of Health Science, University of Ghana. Two hundred participants confirmed to be positive of HIV-1 and or HIV-2 were selected randomly from the Fevers Unit of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Patients taking HAART and vitamin supplement for more than six months were 100 made up of 30(30%) males and 70 (70%) females. Fifty patients on HAART and vitamin supplement for less than six months patients comprised of 17 (34%) males and 33 (66%) females. Patients not on both HAART and vitamin supplement was 50, made up of 14 (28%) males and 36 (72%) females. Blood samples obtained were analysed for 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, creatinine, serum calcium and albumin. Results The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of patients compared among the three groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass index (BMI) was not statistically significant in the patients taking HAART and vitamin supplement for more than six months, patients taking HAART and vitamin supplement for less than six months and those not on both HAART and vitamin supplement (p> 0.05). The mean estimated Glomerular filtration rates, albumin, calcium, creatinine and 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were not statistically significant in the 3 categories of patients studied (p> 0.05). 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were low (<15ng/ml) in patients on HAART and vitamin supplement for the categories (more than six months, less than six months and not on both HAART and vitamin supplement). The mean eGFR was > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for about 70% of the patients on HAART and vitamin supplement for more than six months, less than six months and patients not on both HAART and vitamin supplement. Low vitamin D levels were found across the various age groups. There was no correlation between 25hydroxyvitamin D and creatinine, eGFR, albumin and calcium of the patients on HAART and vitamin supplement for more than six months, less than six months and patients not on both HAART and vitamin supplement. Conclusion Long exposure to vitamin D did not cause its increased levels in circulation and did not relay any adverse effect on kidney function in Ghanaian HIV/AIDS patients receiving both antiretroviral and vitamin supplements.