Dengue Infection Among Febrile Pediatrics Population in Two Selected Hospitals in Bono East Region in Ghana.

Abstract

Background In Ghana, many febrile episodes are routinely misdiagnosed as malaria due to similar clinical presentations, insufficient knowledge, and inadequate diagnostic techniques. Dengue viral infection, primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, represents a significant public health concern and remains the most widespread arboviral infection in tropical and subtropical regions (Bonney et al., 2018). Dengue in febrile patients is characterised by symptoms such as myalgia, arthralgia, skin rashes, hemorrhagic tendencies, and, in severe cases, can lead to fatal outcomes. The movement of individuals from neighbouring countries experiencing dengue outbreaks, combined with the widespread presence of Aedes mosquito vectors in Ghana, likely exacerbates the risk of dengue virus transmission. This shows the critical need for enhanced epidemiological surveillance and comprehensive risk assessment, particularly in high-risk areas like the Bono East Region. To address this emerging threat, it is imperative to improve diagnostic capabilities, increase awareness among healthcare providers, and strengthen public health responses to accurately identify and manage dengue cases. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine dengue viral infection among febrile pediatric patients at the Atebubu hospital and Kintampo Hospital in Bono East region. Results: The prevalence of dengue antigen, antibody and PCR were, 5.4%, 7.5% and 2.1% respectively. Males recorded high dengue antigen, antibody and PCR (5.93%), (11.11%) and (2.22%) respectively. Children aged group 1–3 years recorded the highest prevalence of dengue antigen (8.08%) while children aged group 4–5 years had the highest antibody (16.67%) and PCR prevalence (4.76%). Fever was the most common symptoms (13%) and water-collecting items were marginally associated with dengue positivity. There was a correlation between dengue infection and general fatigue in participants. There was marginal correlation between dengue infection and participants with pains, cough, gastrointestinal disorder and refused meals. DENV1 was identified as the predominant serotype with CT values below 30 in most NS1-positive cases. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the critical need for improved surveillance, diagnostic capabilities, and public health interventions to effectively combat dengue infections.