Ex vivo Sensitivity Profile of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates to a Panel of Antimalarial Drugs in Ghana 13 Years After National Policy Change

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dc.contributor.authorOfori, M.F.
dc.contributor.authorKploanyi, E.E.
dc.contributor.authorMensah, B.A.
dc.contributor.authorDickson, E.K.
dc.contributor.authorKyei-Baafour, E.
dc.contributor.authorGyabaa, S.
dc.contributor.authorTetteh, M.
dc.contributor.authorKoram, K.A.
dc.contributor.authorAbuaku, B.K.
dc.contributor.authorGhansah, A.
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-17T16:29:08Z
dc.date.available2022-01-17T16:29:08Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractPurpose: Malaria continues to be a major health issue globally with almost 85% of the global burden and deaths borne by sub-Saharan Africa and India. Although the current artemisinin derived combination therapies in Ghana are still efficacious against the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) parasite, compounding evidence of artemisinin and amodiaquine resistance establish the need for a full, up-to-date understanding and monitoring of antimalarial resistance to provide evidence for planning control strategies. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and was conducted during the peak malaria transmission seasons of 2015, 2016, and 2017 in two ecological zones of Ghana. Study participants included children aged 6 months to 14 years. Using ex vivo 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) drug sensitivity assay, 330 Pf isolates were used to investigate susceptibility to five antimalarial drugs: chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AMD) dihydroartemisinin (DHA), artesunate (ART) and mefloquine (MFQ). Results: The pooled geometric mean IC50S (GMIC50) of the five drugs against the parasites from Cape Coast and Begoro were 15.5, 42.4, 18.9, 4.6 and 27.3nM for CQ, AMD, DHA, ART, and MFQ, respectively. The GMIC50 values for CQ (p<0.001), ART (p<0.011) and DHA (p<0.018) were significantly higher for Cape Coast isolates as compared to Begoro isolates. However, GMIC50 estimates for MFQ (p<0.022) were significantly higher for Begoro isolates. Positive correlations were found between each pair of drugs with the weakest found between MFQ and DHA (r = 0.34;p<0.001), and the strongest between ART and DHA (r =0.66; p<0.001). Conclusion: The parasites showed reduced sensitivities to three (AMD, DHA and MFQ) out of the five drugs assessed. The study also demonstrated the continual return of chloroquine-sensitive parasites after 13 years of its withdrawal as the first-line drug for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana. The ex vivo DAPI assay is a reliable method for assessing antimalarial drug sensitivities of Pf field isolates under field settings.en_US
dc.identifier.otherhttp://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S295277
dc.identifier.urihttp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/37668
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherDovepressen_US
dc.subjectmalariaen_US
dc.subjectPlasmodium falciparumen_US
dc.subjectanti-malarial drugsen_US
dc.subjectfield isolatesen_US
dc.subjectDAPIen_US
dc.subjectuncomplicated malariaen_US
dc.titleEx vivo Sensitivity Profile of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates to a Panel of Antimalarial Drugs in Ghana 13 Years After National Policy Changeen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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