The Involvement of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (Trpm) Member 6 And 7 Channel Regulatory Proteins and Imbalance of Calcium and Magnesium Ions in the Aetiology of Beingn Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Abstract

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a well-known and commonly diagnosed urological condition in the aging male population, which affects over 50% of men in their 60s and increased to 90% by the age of 85 years. The condition is normally accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms that impacts negatively on the quality of life. Upon all the problems that BPH cause in the life of men, the exact aetiology is unknown. Several mechanism have been mentioned that contribute to the pathogenesis of BPH but no mechanism have been proven to solely cause BPH. The role of abnormal Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels in the development of many human diseases have been documented. These studies associated the development of human diseases as a result of imbalance of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to either defect in expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 channels or abnormal levels of ions in water and diet. A study recently has shown the existence of this calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) imbalance in BPH condition however, the exact mechanism that mediates this imbalance is unknown. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the involvement of TRPM6 and TRPM7 channel regulatory proteins and their association with calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) imbalance in the BPH patients. Method: The study was a quasi-experimental study design. Venous blood sample of 4 ml were obtained from 36 BPH patients by convenient sampling method and age matched control and prostate cancer patients were also added. The blood samples were centrifuged after clotting to get the serum. Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) concentration in the serum were then assayed using spectrophotometry. ELISA was used to determine the levels of TRPM6 and TRPM7 channel regulatory proteins in the serum. The data obtained was analysed using unpaired student t test, ANNOVA and correlation on Graphpad prisms version 6.05. Results: The calcium (Ca2+) measured in the study was high in control (2.44±0.36) followed by prostate cancer (PCa) samples (2.09±0.73) and then BPH (1.92±0.63). There was a significant difference between BPH and control (P=0.0005) and PCa and control (P=0.0466). Magnesium (Mg2+) also followed the same trend with significant difference between BPH both control (P<0.0001) and PCa (P<0.0001). Albumin and globulin level for the samples were also determined with low albumin level in PCa subject (35.75±10.29) and globulin being highest in PCa (36.27±14.18) with BPH globulin level between the groups (19.23±9.15). TRPM6 level measured in the sample was high in control subjects with almost the same level in BPH (0.94±0.5) and PCa (0.93±0.40). Significant was recorded between control and both BPH (P<0.0001) and PCa (P<0.0001). TRPM7 level was very high in BPH (0.82±0.43)) followed by control with PCa recording very low level (0.48±0.10). Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio was also high in BPH (2.59±1.09) whiles PCa result was the least among the groups. Both TRPM6 and TRPM7 showed a positive correlation with serum calcium (Ca2+) and corrected calcium (Ca2+). There was also a positive correlation between TRPM7 and albumin and globulin. A positive relationship was observed between age and TRPM6 in control group however, inverse relationship was observed in both BPH (r=-0.1730) and PCa (r=-0.4741). A negative relationship was however observed between age and TRPM7 in control group with inverse relationship in BPH (r=0.3249) and negative relationship in PCa (r=-0.4080). Conclusion: The imbalance of Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio was observed in BPH in this study. TRPM7 may be involved in the imbalance of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ratio in BPH subject. It was not clear the role of TRPM6 in calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) imbalance in BPH subject.