Habitat Suitability Mapping Towards the Restoration of Oyster Population in the Anyanui Creek, Ghana.

Abstract

The rapid decline of oyster populations globally due to climate change, pollution, habitat and overexploitation poses significant ecological and socio-economic challenges. In Ghana, particularly at Anyanui Creek, ineffective conservation strategies and inadequate governmental support have intensified these impacts. This research aims to identify the factors contributing to the decline of Crassostrea tulipa populations in the Anyanui Creek and to determine sites with optimal conditions for restoration efforts. Utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the study evaluated habitat suitability across Anyanui Creek, facilitating the mapping of areas with the highest potential for oyster restoration based on environmental and ecological conditions conducive to oyster survival at pre- and post-larval settlement phases. Findings indicated that the rainy season exhibits the highest habitat suitability for post-larval phases, as favorable temperature levels during this period enhance conditions for C. tulipa growth and survival. Stations with the highest consistency in suitability, particularly those midstream and closer to the ocean with a 33.33% consistency rate, were identified as prime candidates for restoration. On the other hand, several stations exhibited lower suitability, indicating a need for targeted interventions to address specific environmental stressors. The success rates of veliger development were significantly influenced by water temperature, alongside critical factors such as pH and salinity, underscoring their pivotal roles in oyster development and growth. The study highlights the importance of seasonality in oyster restoration at Anyanui Creek, recommending specific times and locations for intervention to maximize restoration success. Emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive monitoring and tailored restoration strategies, the findings advocate for policy adjustments and the implementation of robust conservation measures that account for climate and environmental variabilities. Additionally, engaging local communities and stakeholders is essential to ensure the sustainability of restoration projects and maximize socio-ecological benefits. By addressing these multifaceted challenges, the restoration of oyster reefs can significantly enhance ecosystem health, support local fisheries, and contribute to the socio-economic well-being of coastal communities in Ghana.