Landfill Management in Kpone Katamanso, Greater Accra: Decommissioning Contexts, Effects and Challenges

Abstract

Landfill decommissioning is a complex process with significant environmental, economic and social implications. The study examines the contexts associated with the Kpone Kokompe landfill decommissioning in Ghana and the environmental and socio eeconomic effects on residents both before and after the decommissioning. The study was anchored on the Integrated Sustainable Landfill Management Framework and followed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. Probit regression analysis was employed to examine the effect of the environmental, economic and social factors on the quality of life of residents. The quantitative findings indicated notable environmental improvements, including reduced odour and traffic congestion as well as economic shifts, though social dynamics remained relatively stable with minor fluctuations post decommissioning. The qualitative analysis revealed concerns regarding inadequate community engagement, the absence of a decommissioning plan and weak institutional enforcement mechanisms. A notable finding was the gap in Ghana’s environmental legislation, particularly the lack of policies on alternative livelihoods, resettlement and adaptation for affected individuals. The study highlights the critical role of governmental agencies in enforcing regulatory standards. Key recommendations include setting clear operator obligations and strengthening regulatory compliance. These measures aim to improve the overall effectiveness of landfill decommissioning in a bid to minimise the negative environmental and socio-economic effects on residents.