Reservoir of Antibiotic Residues and Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in a Healthy Population in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana
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Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance threatens infectious disease management outcomes, especially
in developing countries. In this study, the occurrence of resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci
(rCoNS) and antibiotic residues in urine samples of 401 healthy individuals from Korle-Gonno (KG)
and Dodowa (DDW) in Ghana was investigated. MALDI-ToF/MS with gram-staining techniques
detected and identified the CoNS. SPE-LC-MS/MS detected and quantified nine commonly used
antibiotics in the samples. The results showed 63 CoNS isolates detected in 47 (12%) samples, with
S. haemolyticus (78%) and S. epidermidis (8%) being predominant. Most of the isolates (95%) were
resistant to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance observed against sulphamethoxazole
(87%). Resistance profiles in samples from DDW and KG were largely comparable, but with some
differences. For instance, DDW isolates were more resistant to gentamicin (p = 0.0244), trimethoprim
(p = 0.0045), and cefoxitin (p = 0.0078), whereas KG isolates were more resistant to erythromycin
(p = 0.0356). Although the volunteers had not knowingly consumed antibiotics two weeks before
sampling, antibiotic residues, ranging between 1.44–17000 ng mL−1 were identified in 22% of urine
samples. Samples with antibiotic residues were likely to also contain rCoNS (89%). The most frequent
antibiotics detected were tetracycline (63%) and ciprofloxacin (54%). Healthy individuals could thus
be reservoirs of antibiotic residues and rCoNS at the community level.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
antimicrobial resistance, resistant CoNS, healthy individuals, LC-MS/MS, antimicrobial susceptibility test