Prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among children under the age of five years in Benin
Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PLOS ONE
Abstract
Background
Benin ranks as one of the countries in the world with an alarmingly high prevalence of stunt ing, wasting, and underweight in children under five years. However, limited studies have
examined the factors associated with the prevalence of these undernutrition indicators
among children under five years in the country. This study aimed to fill this research gap by
examining the prevalence rates and factors associated with stunting, wasting, and under weight among this specific population of interest.
Methods
This quantitative study utilised data from the most recent Benin Demographic and Health
Survey (BDHS) conducted in 2017–18. The survey employed a nationally representative
cross-sectional design and utilised a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique to
select participants. The study included a sample of 13,589 children under the age of five
years. The main analytical approach employed was binary logistic regression, which was
used to explore the associations between undernutrition (the combined outcome variable
representing stunting, wasting, and underweight) and various socio-demographic factors.
Results
The combined prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under five
years in Benin during the 2017–18 survey period was 14.95%. Several factors were signifi cantly associated with these indicators of undernutrition, including female gender (AOR =
0.71, 95% CI = 0.59–0.85), birth weight of 4.1 kg and over (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14–
0.48), multiple births (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.11–4.91), and a child’s experience of diar rhoea (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.40–2.20). Furthermore, the prevalence of these undernutrition indicators was higher among children whose mothers had lower levels of edu cation (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.01–0.42) and were unmarried (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49–
0.93). Conclusions
This present study confirms that undernutrition rates are elevated in Benin and are closely
linked to perinatal factors such as birth weights and multiple births, postnatal health condi tions including diarrheal episodes, and socio-demographic determinants such as a child’s
gender, maternal education level, and marital status. Therefore, there is the need to con sider specific modifiable factors, such as low birth weight, episodes of child diarrhoea, and
maternal education as priority targets for child nutrition interventions in Benin.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Benin, children, undernutrition
Citation
Citation: Addo IY, Boadu EF, Osei Bonsu E, Boadi C, Dadzie FA (2023) Prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among children under the age of five years in Benin. PLoS ONE 18(8): e0289933. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0289933