Novel hemin-derived Fe/N–C magnetic catalyst for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation and diclofenac degradation

Abstract

In this study, Fe involved N-doped carbon catalysts labelled as PA@Hemx (x = pyrolysis temperature) was synthesized through a one-step pyrolysis of hemin (Hem) and polyacrylate (PA). The reported method enables high dispersion and exposure of both Fe and N active sites on PA derived carbon. The PA@Hemx samples were then used for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated diclofenac (DCF) degradation. Results from the character ization studies verified the successful incorporation of hemin in the composite. Approximately 99.2 % DCF degradation at pH = 6.01 was achieved in 60 min using 0.1 g L− 1 PA@Hem700 and 1.0 mM PMS. The pseudo second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model were used to described the uptake and equilibrium process in DCF/PA@Hem700 system. Scavenging and electron-spin-resonance studies showed a non-radical singlet oxygen species ( 1 O2) dominates over • OH and SO4 •− radicals in the system. The role of electron transfer was also verified via chronoamperometry and electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, the PA@Hem700/PMS remained highly active towards DCF degradation even in the presence of common anions, humic acid, and various water matrices. The developed catalyst exhibited a TOC removal of 65.8 %. The study also established the potential of PA@Hem700/PMS to degrade other organic pollutants (e.g., tetracycline (TC),