Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders in Kumasi, Ghana: An Urban Community‑Based Survey

Abstract

This study examined the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among youth in Kumasi, Ghana, through a community-based cross-sectional survey. 672 urban participants aged 6–17 years were surveyed. Mental disorders were screened using Rutter’s A2 Scale for Parent Assessment of Child Behaviour, with diagnoses confirmed by the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. The Double Sampling method was used for weighted prevalence estimates, and correlates analysed using chi-square and logistic regression. Lifetime weighted prevalence of CAMH disorders was 30.4% (95% CI: 26.9–33.9), predominantly anxiety-related disorders, with current weighted prevalence 18.6% (95% CI: 15.7–21.5). Notably, lacking an active reading habit was associated with nearly three times the odds of mental illness. Children in the 3rd and 4th wealth quintiles had significantly higher odds of mental disorder (12- and 9-times increased odds, respectively), as did lack of caregiver homework supervision among children under 11 years. This study provides the first community-based prevalence figures for childhood mental disorders in Ghana, highlighting the link between poverty-related factors and mental health, and suggesting potential policy interventions to inform policy.