Vector Species Of Guinea Worm In West Akim District Of Ghana, And The Evaluation Of Abate As A Cyclopscide

Abstract

Field studies were performed to identify the vector species of Dracunculus medinensis. From these studies, Mesocyclops kieferi was implicated as a maj'or vector. Other vector species identified were Mesocyclops aspericornis and Thermocyclops inopinus. Studies were also carried out in the endemic, villages using a questionnaire to ascertain the pattern of disease incidence during the years 1994-1996. The results revealed that the socio-cultural practices of the people assist in promoting the disease transmission. Of particular interest was noncompliance with control measures as well as traditional beliefs in the incidence and mode of transmission of the disease. Toxicity studies were also undertaken in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of Temephos (ABATE) on different species of Cyclops (the vector of Dracunculiasis). Results obtained from these tests indicated 24-hr. LC50 values of 0.58, 1.59, 1.28 and 0.94ppm for Mesocyclops kieferi, Mesocyclopsm aspericornis, Thermocyclops inopinus and a mixture of species respectively. The corresponding LC95 values were 9.15, 6.98, 3.33 and 2.42ppm. Following a 48-hr. exposure, the concentrations of the insecticide required to effectively kill 50 and 95% of the Cyclops (mixture) were 0.34 and 0.84ppm respectively. An expired stock however produced 1.65ppm (LC50) and 5.36ppm (LC95) after a 48-hr. exposure.