The Nexus of Archaeological Heritage Tourism and Site Conservation: A Study of Stone Terraces within Shai Hills Resource Reserve, Ghana.

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between archaeological heritage tourism and site conservation in Ghana's Shai Hills Resource Reserve (SHRR), with a focus on the extensive dry-stone terraces and building foundations at Manya Hill and Hioweiyo ancient settlement sites. These terraces, built by the Se (Shai) people, are important cultural treasures that illustrate ancient agricultural innovation and environmental adaptation. These ancient stone features and their associated cultural materials constitute a major attraction in the heritage tourism portfolio of the park. The terraces also serve as indelible markers of the architectural and agricultural legacy of the ancestors of Se, who occupied the hills for several centuries before their abandonment in 1892. Despite their historical and cultural significance, these stone architectural features are threatened by natural factors and human activities (Ankrah-Addison, 2020). The study employs a mixed-methods approach that includes historical research, pedestrian field survey, archaeological observations, GIS mapping, photographic documentation, ethnographic observation, and interviews with stakeholders, including park officials, local community members, tour guides, and tourists. The study revealed critical threats to the terraces and assessed the connection between tourism and conservation and site management practices at Manya Hill and Hioweyo sites. The project also evaluated the adverse impact of natural factors such as erosion, vegetation encroachment, and root penetration on the stone terraces and walls. These natural and human factors have resulted in variable degrees of destruction of the features and other archaeological remains at both sites. Evaluation of the state of conservation of the terraces showed a considerable preservation disparity between the two sites. The study also demonstrated the unique challenge of tourism's dual function in conservation at the Shai Hills Resource Reserve, as it can fund preservation while posing a threat to the iconic stone terraces in the park. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical need for proactive and collaborative conservation actions to ensure the long-term preservation of the SHRR stone terraces while increasing their cultural and economic worth.