Prevalence and Predictors of Hepatitis B among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Wa Municipality

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B is the inflammation of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus. The risk of maternal transmission of Hepatitis B infection in pregnancy and a peri-natal period is dependent on maternal Hepatitis B envelop antigen (HbeAg). A positive HbeAg mother has between 70-90% chances of transmitting the virus to the unborn child. This study sought to determine the prevalence of and predictors of Hepatitis B among pregnant women in the Wa municipality. The study also assessed pregnant women’s awareness about Hepatitis B transmission and prevention. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken. Pregnant women were evaluated using a structured questionnaire to collect information on their socio-demographic characteristics and awareness of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and prevention. Pregnant women were screened for Hepatitis B virus sero-markers, using a commercial rapid diagnostic test, with three milliliters of blood for Hepatitis B profile. Assessment of awareness was done using a Hepatitis B basic awareness summary score. Results: Of the 183 pregnant women screened 20.22% (37/183) tested positive for HbsAg, 7.10% (13/183) for HbeAg, 18.58% (34/183) for HbcAb, 1.64%(3/183) for HbsAb and 10.38% (19/183) for HbeAb. They type of marital relationship was significantly associated with HbsAg positivity and HbeAg positivity. Majority of pregnant women 78.7% are aware of Hepatitis B transmission and prevention. Recommendation and Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of HbsAg and HbeAg and majority 78.14% (143/183) are not aware of mother to unborn child transmission of Hepatitis B among pregnant women. Pregnant women should be a screen for HbeAg before delivery and vaccines should be affordable and available. More educational programs on the mode of HBV transmission and methods of prevention should be introduced at the antenatal care (ANC) level.