Assessing the Declining State of Democratization in West Africa: The Case Of Burkina Faso and Mali

Abstract

This dissertation examined the declining state of democratization in West Africa, with a specific focus on Burkina Faso and Mali. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilized key informant interviews and extensive literature review to analyse the factors which has contributed to democratic regression in these countries from 2014 to 2024. The research was grounded in social constructivism and Critical theories, provided a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex interplay of social, political, and economic factors influencing democratic decline. The study revealed that both Burkina Faso and Mali have experienced significant setbacks in their democratic processes, characterized by military coups, erosion of civil liberties, weakening of institutions, and challenges to the rule of law. Key findings indicated that political instability, security threats from extremist groups, weak governance structures, and economic challenges have collectively undermined democratic consolidation in these nations. The research highlighted the implications of this democratic decline for regional stability and development in West Africa. It also explored the sociocultural impact of diminishing democratic norms on the populations of Burkina Faso and Mali. The study concluded by offering recommendations (Rebuilding Trust in Democratic Institutions, Balancing Security and Democracy, Addressing Economic Root Causes, Strengthening Civil Society and Enhancing Regional Cooperation) for reinvigorating democratic processes in these countries and strengthening democratic resilience across the West African region.