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A long essay or dissertation or thesis involving personal research, written by postgraduates of University of Ghana for a university degree.
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Item An Examination of the Public Procurement Policies of Ghana and Nigeria in the Context of Value for Money(University of Ghana, 2021-01) Abdul-Fatawu, A.ABSTRACT Public procurement is the lifeblood of every government without which the administration of states will be difficult if not impossible. The study looked at the procurement policies of Ghana and Nigeria with emphasis on attaining value for money. The study employed a qualitative research design to explore the criteria for ensuring value for money, measures of attaining value in procurement, and challenges that hinder value for money attainment in Ghana and Nigeria. Data was sourced from regulatory bodies and procurement practitioners from both countries. The study found that while Ghana mainly uses the traditional 5 rights (right quantity, right quality, right price, right place and right time) as criteria for ensuring value for money, Nigeria often used the 4 Es- economy, efficiency, effectiveness and equity. However, these criteria are not mutually exclusive to each country. The study also found proper monitoring by regulators, ensuring competition in procurement, conducting Need-Based Assessments before procurement and externally auditing public organizations as means of ensuring value for money in procurement. Challenges that were identified in the course of the research are corruption of procurement authorities, low capacity of procurement personnel, and poor knowledge of procurement laws among others. The study recommends that both countries should employ more involving criteria such as debating procurements directly or through elected representatives while restricting government spending through strict budgetary approval procedures, strengthening the capacities of procurement officers through training and collaborating with Civil Society Organizations to check corruption in the public sector.Item An Examination Of The Public Procurement Policies Of Ghana And Nigeria In The Context Of Value For Money(University Of Ghana, 2021-01) Abdul-Fatawu, A.Public procurement is the lifeblood of every government without which the administration of states will be difficult if not impossible. The study looked at the procurement policies of Ghana and Nigeria with emphasis on attaining value for money. The study employed a qualitative research design to explore the criteria for ensuring value for money, measures of attaining value in procurement, and challenges that hinder value for money attainment in Ghana and Nigeria. Data was sourced from regulatory bodies and procurement practitioners from both countries. The study found that while Ghana mainly uses the traditional 5 rights (right quantity, right quality, right price, right place and right time) as criteria for ensuring value for money, Nigeria often used the 4 Es- economy, efficiency, effectiveness and equity. However, these criteria are not mutually exclusive to each country. The study also found proper monitoring by regulators, ensuring competition in procurement, conducting Need- Based Assessments before procurement and externally auditing public organizations as means of ensuring value for money in procurement. Challenges that were identified in the course of the research are corruption of procurement authorities, low capacity of procurement personnel, and poor knowledge of procurement laws among others. The study recommends that both countries should employ more involving criteria such as debating procurements directly or through elected representatives while restricting government spending through strict budgetary approval procedures, strengthening the capacities of procurement officers through training and collaborating with Civil Society Organizations to check corruption in the public sector.Item Factors Associated With Delays in Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Cancers at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana(University of Ghana, 2019-10) Abdul-Fatawu, A.Background: Childhood cancers, although rare, are the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children and adolescents in developed nations, with most African countries having the least surviving rate. The development of effective interventions to reduce delays that may occur along the pathway to cancer care, demands an understanding of their predictors. Few studies on childhood cancers have been published on the factors that influence the time it takes for patients to get a first medical diagnosis and treatment once cancer symptoms have been identified. The aim of the study was to determine the factors that affect the delay in diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancers at KATH. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of pediatric cancer patients at KATH was employed. The data was obtained from medical records of 198 pediatric cancer patients diagnosed between 2015 -2018 at the pediatric oncology unit. Logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between patient predictive factors and delays. P-value of 0.05 was assumed as the significant level. Results: The proportion of male and female studied was the same (50% each). The results showed that about 70% experienced delayed diagnosis ,which was influenced by factors such as sex of caregiver (p-value=0.016), days from the onset of symptoms to reporting (p-value=0.037), days from first visit to health care facility and the final presentation at KATH (p-value=0.026), and methods of diagnosis (p<0.001). Compared with those who first reported seven days from the onset of symptoms, those who reported after seven days had 2.5 times higher odds of delay in diagnosis (AOR:2.51, 95% CI: 0.98-6.46). In terms of time to treatment, about 50% had their treatments initiated within 7 days following diagnosis. This implies that only half of the cases experienced or had delay in treatment. Factors found to be significantly associated with treatment delays were days from the onset of symptoms to reporting, days from report to KATH to diagnosis, methods of diagnosis (p=0.001, 0.031, and <0.001 respectively). Conclusion: For an immediate and timely initiation of treatment among pediatric cancer patients, issues such as early reporting, diagnostic methods and quick referrals should be encouraged so as to avoid delays in diagnosis, which consequently, affect treatment time.