Theses
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A long essay or dissertation or thesis involving personal research, written by postgraduates of University of Ghana for a university degree.
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Item The Role of the International Organisation for Migration in Preventing Human Trafficking In West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana.(University of Ghana, 2018-07) Appiah, S.Human trafficking is happening in every corner of the globe. Since it is a hidden crime, the full scale of the menace of human trafficking cannot be definitely detected and tackled by any country on its own. Ghana is not exempted from the universal challenge of trafficking in persons, as Ghana endures as a destination, source and transit country for trafficking in persons. In a quest to control this phenomenon globally, IOM as an intergovernmental organisation concerned with migration issues, has a counter trafficking unit in its country offices that works with states to combat trafficking internally and internationally. This study analyses the extent of collaboration between IOM, the Government of Ghana and other related state institutions in preventing Human Trafficking in West Africa, with specific reference to Ghana. The study is purely qualitative and relies primarily on literature review and interviews for data collection and analyses. Major findings from the study reveal that the activities done by the IOM in cooperation with the Government of Ghana and other agencies to prevent the phenomenon of human trafficking in Ghana included awareness creation, lobbying for effective legislation against human trafficking, promotion of economic development, assisting in capacity building and development of the “FREE TO BE ME” Tool Kit. The intervention by the IOM in preventing human trafficking in Ghana has yielded some successes including sensitization and advocacy through education, and assistance in the formulation of legislative laws to criminalize human trafficking. IOM also assisted in the formation of an Anti-Trafficking Units for both the Ghana Police Service and the Ghana Immigration Service to identify human trafficking cases within and across borders and to also sanction culprits, rescue trafficked victims and help reintegrate them back into society. IOM also implemented capacity building training, workshops and seminars and also promotion of economic development through education, by providing technical and vocational trainings to empower people economically. These achievements serve as deterrent to people involved in human trafficking in Ghana. However, IOM has encountered some challenges in its quest to help prevent human trafficking in Ghana. These challenges include poverty and economic hardships, poor cooperation, and lack of political will on the part of the government. The study therefore concludes that, The IOM has played a significant role in cooperation with other stakeholders in the prevention of human trafficking in Ghana. To this end, the study recommends that the Government of Ghana should continue to collaborate effectively with states and other international agencies such as the IOM, UNICEF, UNODC, among others, to effectively help tackle the menace of human trafficking in Ghana.Item Migration, Gender Roles and Remittances of Ghanaian Migrants Abroad(University of Ghana, 2018-07) Konadu-Yiadom, E.The study employs secondary data by comprehensively reviewing, analysing and discussing relevant literature on the gendered dimension of migration and remittance flow with respect to Ghanaian female migrants. The study examines the extent to which modification of gender roles of migrants abroad contribute to the flow of remittances with respect to Ghanaian female migrants. Overall, the study identified that there exist a relationship between, women, migration and remittances. The study found out that female migrants send approximately the same amount of remittances as male migrants. However, research suggests that women tend to send a higher proportion of their income, even though they generally earn less than men. They also usually send money more regularly and for longer periods of time. It was identified that women remit more of their earnings than men due to pressures from external family members and a sense of responsibility toward their families. This makes women accept very difficult working and living conditions which under normal circumstance they might not have accepted. While men in migration are more likely to return to their country of origin, women are not, in the sense that for the men, their status and respect is reduced abroad whereas for the women it is increased. Therefore whilst the women send a greater portion of their salaries as remittance, men use their salaries to invest and acquire property at their home countries. Finally, it was identified that there is a modification of gender roles among Ghanaian families abroad, especially in Europe and North America. This change offered more opportunities to women economically and are easily integrated in the economy of the host country. Consequently it helped them to assume the role of “bread winner” with is usually reserved for males at home. This reconfiguration of roles made Ghanaian women abroad more assertive at home and economically freed which added to their ability to remit at any given time without restrictions. This Ghanaian context of gender reconfiguration and the status of women at destination countries therefore supports and explains why women are economically empowered and tend to remit largely than men.Item Migrants in the Trade Sector of Ghana: The Case of Chinese Migrants(University Of Ghana, 2018-07) Gyedu, A.Migration is one of the most topical issues in the last decades due to its complex nature and both the benefits and challenges that come with it. The growing Chinese presence in Africa has led to several agitations and strong public opinions. In recent times, this new trend of migration by Chinese has led to the influx of Chinese products and the rapid growth of small Chines shops. This has been viewed as posing as an obstacle to the indigenes who are managing the informal sector thereby hindering the progress of local factories. Thus, in Ghana the influx of Chines and importation of cheap Chinese products has been one of the most talked about issues. In the wake of various pockets of agitations that continuously arise from Ghanaian traders with respect to the presence of Chinese traders in the trading sector, this study consequently, sought to examine the risks involved for Ghana due to the Chinese traders‘ presence in the country. The study specifically examined the risks, threats and potential health challenges Chinese trade pose to Ghana. The study used a systematic review method to assess Chinese trading activities in Ghana; threats to local businesses. Studies which used qualitative, quantitative and mixed designs are included in this study. Reports on Chinese in migration into Ghana, their contribution to the economy of Ghana as well as the threats they pose to local businesses in Ghana were included. Methodical electronic searches of databases such as ProQuest Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, JSTOR were undertaken. In Ghana, one of the main threats facing the trading industry is the smuggling of Chinese prints through the borders. Smuggling de-regulates the Ghanaian market; that is, it undermines the protective element of the import tariff (and fees and taxes) as it significantly reduces the price at which the Chinese African print may be sold. This makes Ghana‗s textile companies unable to compete on their main market, and even the domestic market which may lead to all those local companies producing these fabrics collapsing. The influx of these cheap Chinese goods in the Ghanaian markets compromise on health and safety standards in the manufacturing process. The illegal mining activities by the Chinese have increased pregnancy, high prevalence of HIV as well as increase in respiratory conditions.Item An Analysis of Children’s Concerns in Migration Legal Instruments in Ghana(University of Ghana, 2012-07) Agoe, P.A.Migration has become a phenomenon that affects the lives of many people today. Children are affected as well in diverse ways by migration. Most countries lack comprehensive policies on migration which can harness its gains for mutual benefits and reduce its negative impacts. Meanwhile, migration has become a major process in many populations, including Ghana’s. Children have also been participating in migration in various ways; as independent migrants, as moving along with migrating parents or other adults and as left behind by their migrant parents. It is against the background that migration laws and other instruments do not often have perspectives of children considered that the present study examined how existing laws in Ghana related to migration have concerns, if any of children. Ghana was the first country to have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), yet there are serious situations that threaten their rights and wellbeing such as the negative effects of migration that are probably not addressed with policies or legal instruments. Other situations of migration also make them vulnerable to separation from families, exploitation and abuse. Meanwhile, the Millennium Summit of the UN held in 2000 adopted eight goals popularly known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); and most target children. The present study examined the following laws (legal instruments), The Immigration Act, 2000 (Act 573), The Citizenship Act, 2000 (Act 591), The Refugee Law, 1992 (PNDCL 305D) and The Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694), and the finding show that it is The Human Trafficking Act, 2005 that explicitly mentions children and their concerns. The study argues that it is important that migration laws and policies have concerns of children considered. Children should be specifically mentioned in them and their needs adequately provided.Item Effects of Migration on the Livelihood of Rural Households in the Kpando District of the Volta Region(University of Ghana, 2016-07) Kessie, G.K.; Atengdem, P.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences School of Agriculture Department of Agricultural ExtensionThe main objective of this study is to assess the causes of labour migration, low food crop production and remittance linkages on the livelihood of rural households in the Kpando District. The researcher used survey design to elicit information from 202 heads of non-migrants’ households within the study area. The households used for the study were selected by cluster sampling and information was elicited from them through personal interview and a structured questionnaire. Data for this study were edited, coded and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and inferential statistics. The New Economics of Labour Migration, the “Push- Pull” Model and Todaro Model of Migration were used. The sustainable livelihood framework was used to analyse the effects. The results revealed that, majority of rural households in Kpando district were involved in migration, and migration is an important part of their income. Findings showed that people may decide to migrate when their rural economy is disrupted. Such decisions could be as a result of natural catastrophe such as: flood, drought, insects and pests’ infestation, disease problems, infertile soil, lack of arable land for cultivation, communal clashes, family dispute and other adversities. The study found out that migration and remittance showed statistical significant difference compared to agricultural income, hence the decision to migrate. The results obtained from the study on the impact of migration on food crop production, come to validate all three theories. Findings revealed that farmers do not have access to financial support, the few farmers who had financial support from various sources had said it was inadequate for optimum production. The migration of people from food crop production areas affects food crop production negatively - high cost of human labour, increasing the cost of food production in the study area.