Theses
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A long essay or dissertation or thesis involving personal research, written by postgraduates of University of Ghana for a university degree.
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Item Studies on the Release, Survival And Germination Of Conidia Of Phyllactinia Corylea (Pers.) Karst.(University of Ghana., 1968-06) Ankora, J.K.Conidia of P.corylea germinated best at 25 - 28˚c. and germinated well, uniformly and at the same rate at any humidity from zero to 100% R.H., but poorly in liquid water. Germ tubes conidia germinating at lower humidities were short whilst those at high humidities were fairly long. Approximately 30 per cent of both germinated and ungerminated conidia shrivelled when incubated. at 0% R.H. This value decreased with rise in humidity to show shrinkage in only one per cent of conidia held at 100% R.H. The conidia had a brief latent period of germination of 2 - 3 hours. The germinating conidia usually produced a single germ tube and occasionally two. Branching of germ tubes was rare on glass surface but appressoria were freely formed. On the host (Carica papaya) leaf surface the germ tubes grew randomly over the epidermis am equally freely formed appressoria. The appressoria were either terminal, intercalary or lateral. Germ tubes produced at lower humidities collapsed and shrivelled within a few hours after emergence. All germ tubes produced and held at 0% R.H. shrivelled in 11 hours and those at 80.3% R.H. in 30 hours. Those at 92, 96.9 and 100% R.H. showed 94.5, 25.0 and 20.2% of shrivelled germ tubes respectively in 48 hours. The Conidia germinated better in light and produced longer germ tubes but formed fewer appressoria than those incubated in darkness. Conidia stored at 5˚c and at various relative humidities were preserved longest at the higher humidities and died quickest at the lower humidities. Longevity was however brief and did not exceed 20 days at any humidity. Multicellular, non-branching conidiophores, commonly 300 u long, arose perpendicularly from the superficial mycelium. Each was terminated by a generative cell which formed the conidia. Usually only one mature conidium was distinguishable at the tip of the conidiophore. Immediately after maturation of the conidium the generative cell bent approximately at the middle while the two arms of the cell stood at right angles. This movement loosened the attachment of the conidium to the conidiophore and the conidium fell at the slightest disturbance. The bent generative cell then abstricted the next conidia. In still air conidial chains were readily formed. A few conidia germinated whilst still attached to the conidiophore. The conidia matured predominantly in the dark and heaviest crop of spores were obtained in the morning. The rate of bending of the generative cell was the same at 20 and 28˚c., in light and in dark and at 76 and 100% R.H. The ourvature in the generative cell remained unaltered in sucrose solutions and in water. The generative cell was not phototropic Whilst the entire conidiophoreItem Studies on the Effects of Microclimates on the Distribution of Larval Ticks in the Eastern Cape Province(University of Ghana, 1961-12) Kraft , M.K.Item An Investigation into the Effects of Ant Control on Insect Populations (Hamcptera, Coccoidea) Of Citrus in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.(University of Ghana, 1962-03) Brettell, J.H.; McC, E.; Ewer. D.W.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS)Item Studies of the Biology of the Species of Tilapia in the Volta Lake(University of Ghana, 1967-04) Wuddah, A.AItem An Investigation into the Expectations and Evaluations of Prenatal Classes by Groups of Expectant Mothers Attending the Classes(University of Ghana, 1969-06) Akita, A.L.N.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences.This research is an attempt to find out, through the expectations and evaluations of prenatal classes by groups of expectant parents attending the classes, why particular groups of pregnant women appear to attend prenatal classes more than other groups. The subjects included primigravidas and multigravidas. The data was collected through participant observation and tape recording of the prenatal classes, discussions with the class instructor, the subjects' hospital records and unstructured interviewing of the subjects. The major findings show that moro primigravidas, English Canadians, higher educated and higher class mothers attend tho classcs. The mothers expect to obtain more exercises than information on pregnancy, labour, baby coro and group support from either mothers. These expectations seem to be mot by the classes. Moro than half of the subjects (60 percent) are completely satisfied while the remaining ho percent are only partially satisfied. The partial satisfaction is attributable mainly to the organization of the classes rather than the content. The level of satisfaction has some relationship with ago, education and occupational class. Nevertheless, it appears to have no association with expectations and subsequent attendance of the classes. On the other hand, age, parity, educational level, occupational class and expectations of the mothers seem to account for some expectant mothers attending prenatal classes more than others. Further research on these findings is suggested.Item An Investigation into the Clasp Reflex of Xenohis Laevis (Daud)(University of Ghana, 1962) Hutchison, J. B.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS)Item An Investigation of the Behaviour and Biology of the Citrus Mussel Scale, Lepidosaphes Beckii (Newm.)(University of Ghana, 1960-12) Hulley, P. E.; Ewer, D. W.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science (DABCS)The citrus industry is subject to a number of serious insect pests. Of these, the most important is a sedentary group known as the...Armoured Scale Insects (Diaspididae). Ebeling (1950) states that they are of greater economic importance to the industry than all the other pests put together. A great deal has been published on various aspects of the biology, ecology and control of the Diaspididae, much of the work appearing in the books of Quayle (193S), Ebeling (1950) and Bodenheimer (l9 5 l)≫ It is very noticeable, however, that the study of the active larvae, or ’’ crawlers” , of these insects has been relatively neglected* This lack of work on crawlers is surprising, since they are the only distributive stage in the life cycle of the species. The adult male is also free - livin g during its brief life span, but takes no part in the actual distribution of the species. I t is the position of the female Scale Insect which is important in determining the further spread of the species, since this is the point from which subsequent crawlers will start out on their wanderings. The stage in the life cycle responsible for the position of the female is, of course, the crawler. The crawler is also responsible for the parallel distribution of the male Scales, so that the female can be fertilised . The r&le oj. tne adult male is confined to the maintenance of the gene flow* From an economic point of view it seems desirable that a complete study be made of the biology of this distributive stage of these important pests. Information on factors influencing the hatching (or birth of ovoviviparous species), and emergence from beneath the scale-covering of the female, would be useful.Item Deprofessionalization in Nursing?(University of Ghana, 1969-07-29) Stinson, S. M.; Montag, M. L.; Warkov, S.; University of Ghana, College of Education, School of Education and Leadership, Department of Adult Education and Human Resource StudiesThe thesis of this study is that the occupation of nursing is undergoing a process of deprofessionalization, not a process of professionalization as most of the major works in the nursing literature would seem to assume. The central purposes underlying this study were to reexamine and expand the concepts "profession" and "professionalization," develop the concept "deprofessionalization," and test the thesis in question. The approach used was that of a comparative social analysis, using current and historical data; the technique employed was that of a scholarly analysis of the literature. Because the concept "deprofessionalization" is a poorly developed one and because the thesis required that the concepts "profession" and “professionalization" be -developed, including an assessment of the impact of bureaucratization upon professionalization,four ..chapters _w£tre devoted to these areas. Two major definitions of deprofessionalization were evolved: functional deprofessionalization was described as a process of "diseased professionalization," and dysfunctional deprofessionalization as a process of moving from a state of excessive professionalization to a state of functional professionalization. On the basis of the literature on professionalization, a documented case of deprofessionalization in law occurring in the nineteenth century, and upon examination of what would seem to constitute a case of deprofessionalization in diplomacy in the current century, a beginning typology was developed, the chief categories being: (1) direction (dysfunctional, functional), (2) duration (temporary, irreversible), (3! socio-political boundaries (international, continental, national, regional, state, local), (4) intraoccupational boundaries (intended to permit classification of deprofessionalization in "segments" of an occupation, e.g., criminal as opposed to corporate law, the bench as opposed to the bar), and (5) work-setting (underbureaucratized, bureaucratized, over-bureaucratized). Comparisons were made between professionalization in nursing c. 1920 and c. 1960, the former period being chosen because it both coincided with the heyday of solo practice in nursing, a characteristic frequently associated with the process of professionalization, and preceded the bulk of the immigration of nurses into bureaucratized work.-settings, a factor which the literature would suggest might contribute toward deprofessionalization. It was concluded that within the social context of the times, the occupation of nursing c. 1920 exemplified to a greater degree the characteristics of professionalization than is true of nursing today, some of the primary reasons being; (1) the relative integrity of the substantive knowledge-skill component, (2) the existence of a wellintegrated professional culture, (3) the substantial articulation of nursing roles with roles of related health personnel, (4) the relatively high degree of functional autonomy of the nursing practitioner, and (5) advancement in nursing was largely co-terminal with advanced technical expertise in nursing. Relevant categories of deprofessionalization were then applied to nursing c. 1960 and it was concluded that nursing is undergoing a process of dysfunctional deprofessionalization of the national and over-bureaucratization types. Whether it is of a temporary or irreversible nature, only history will reveal.Item Studies on the Physiology and Pathogenicity of Sclerotium Rolfcii Sacc. Causing Fruit - Rot of Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill.)(University of Ghana, 1965-06) Dakwa, J.T.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences , School of Biological Sciences , Department of BotanySalerotium rolfsii Sacc. grew best at 27 to 32 C, and maximum infection of tomato fruits occurred at 32°C„ S^_ rolfsii showed a double maximum of growth in relation to pH: a major peak at pH 1+.8 and a minor one at pH 9.31 with a minimum of pH 8.2 in between. Light had no effect on growth. Growth occurred only at 100$ R. H. whereas infection of tomato fruit occurred at a relative humidity of 957° and above. A moisture level of 55% W. H. C. of soil caused the greatest infection, and degree of infection diminished with a deviation in % W. H. C. in either direction from this level. Even though externally supplied thipmine v/as not essential for initiation of growth, subsequent development depended on it„ Thiamine at 25 Mg and 50 Aig supported the greatest growth. rolfsii was capable of using simple as well as complex carbohydrates as sources of carbon. Starch supported the best growth, followed by Maltose, Fructose and Glucose, whilst galactose and cellulose gave the poorest vegetative growth. Of the nitrogen sourcjig^Peptone and Asparagine were best used by the' fungus,"’and the least suitable was Alanine. S. rolfsii can enter the host through the intact fruit skirf. Rate of infection increased almost directly proportional to increase in size of inoculum. Prior to infection, rolfsii formed infection cushions on the fruit wall. Penetration was achieved by hyphae, emerging from the infection cushions, mechanically piercing through the cuticle and epidermis. Growth within the fniiit was both intercellular and intracellular. Pericarp cells were ultimately dissolved by substances produced by the fungus leaving the dead epidermis and cuticle intact. The disease was not seed borne. Tomato fruits of all ages were infected, and Molokai was the only Ghanaian tomato variety whose fruits were completely resistant to 3. rolfsii.Item The Activities of Cattle at Pasture(University of Ghana, 1966) Fianu, F.K.; University of Ghana, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Department of Animal ScienceThe need for the study of pastirrin ■ activities of indigenous animals is outlined as a possible basis for improving animal production. The study is in three parts:- (i) Under local husbandry, free ranging, on natural grassland, to find out hew ranch browse tha animals take on free range. It is estimated that the local animal takes about 20$ browse and 80J? grass, in the dry season under conditions akin to Katsmensu. this supplies about 0,©lb digestible protein which satisfies the estimate r® uired for rapid growth. This contrasts with about 0,371b estimated for Ashaley Botwey and explains the differences in condition of animals in the 2 places. (ii) On woody pastures to find out how much Grewia, in ample supply, would contribute to the diet of the local animal, The proportions recorded are about UO'/i 60^- of brcTsae to grass, (iii) On Centrosema-Bangola pastures? to study the reaction of local animals to artificial pasture. The factors affecting behaviour are discussed, referring to work elsewhere. Uie relevance of the behaviour patterns observed is discussed with respect to husbandry implications. It is shown that the grazing times recorded in the 3 situations are not necessarily proportional to respective intakes.