Department of Organisation and Human Resource Management

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://197.255.125.131:4000/handle/123456789/23062

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    Assessing Project Management Maturity in Africa: A Ghanaian Perspective
    (International Journal of Business Administration, 2013) Ofori, D.; Deffor, E.W.
    The level of project management awareness and recognition of the standards and knowledge sharing among professionals is on the rise. Despite this many projects continue to fail. Ameliorating project failure requires project management maturity among practitioners. Project management maturity is the progressive development of an enterprise-wide project management approach, methodology, strategy, and decision-making process. To ascertain the level of maturity among project-oriented organizations in Ghana the following research questions were raised: Is the concept of PM maturity understood in Ghana? What are Project Management Maturity levels in Ghana? What maturity models are in use? Are there differences in project management maturity levels in industries in Ghana? The study was exploratory and utilized a questionnaire survey method to collect data on project management Maturity in Ghanaian organizations. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 200 managers from different economic sectors. The findings showed that differences exist in the current project management maturity levels across each phase of the project life cycle for all organizations. The study also showed that most of the practitioners expect their respective organizations to attain higher levels of project management maturity (PMM) albeit at various levels. Organizations operating in the non-profit (NGO) category exhibited relatively higher levels of maturity compared to the other categories of organizations in all five phases of the project management life cycle. Firms in the public sector of Ghana recorded low levels of maturity in most of the phases of the project management life cycle. This may be attributed to the low level of project management expertise in the sector, with possible dire consequence to the country’s development since the public sector accounts for a large percentage of projects executed in Ghana. Overall, the findings seem to indicate that project management maturity occurs in phases; PM maturity does not occur as an event but is an ongoing process that is interlinked. The implication therefore is that organisations cannot claim to be mature in one area and neglect the other; it becomes imperative for project-implementing organizations in Ghana to strive to attain maturity in all five phases of the project management life cycle to attain the full benefits of the projects they implement.
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    Assessing Social Capital For Organisational Performance: Initial Exploratory Insights From Ghana
    (Organizations And Markets In Emerging Economies, 2010) Ofori, D.; Sackey, J.
    Social Capital is a concept that describes good quality social relations that can lead to mutual benefit. The fundamental proposition of social capital theory is that networks of relationships grant access to resources, especially information benefits not available to non-members of the network. This study assessed the functions of social capital within Ghanaian organizations, described the patterns and determinants of social capital use within organizations, and explored how social capital contributes to firm performance using a sample frame of firms listed in the Ghana Club 100. A questionnaire field survey supplemented by personal interviews was chosen as the most appropriate design for this investigation. Employees were sampled across the organizational hierarchy based on their responsibilities, positions, and type of relationship held with others within the organization. Data was also collected on demographic characteristics and organizational dynamics. The results showed that social capital is critical to knowledge sharing in the Ghanaian organization; that it helps to get things done and helps in the attainment of organizational objectives. The findings also suggested that three determinate variables of social capital: reciprocity, trust, and institutional ties, have the most significant positive relationship with organizational performance. Given that, the study recommends that firms take a proactive approach towards promoting, building, and maintaining viable social networks within their structures to derive maximum benefit from it.
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    The state of corporate social responsibility research in Ghana: A synthesis of literature
    (Business Strategy & Development, 2019) Damoah, O.B.O.; Peprah, A.A.; Cobla, G.M.
    There are recent calls to pay attention to the institutional requirement or the config urations of the national business system because it eventually results in the different manifestation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in different contexts. This has led to several contestations against the suitability of transferring developed countries' CSR frameworks and ideas to developing countries. Yet literature reviews about CSR in developing countries and in Africa, in particular, are limited. This paper, therefore, contributes to this gap by systematically reviewing and synthesizing 113 CSR's stud ies from Ghana between 2006 and 2018. Altogether, this paper structures CSR research in Ghana into salient themes to provide the current state of knowledge and help scholars scope the field and explore value‐adding avenues to further our understanding about CSR research in developing countries. Based on the findings, implication on theory, public policy, and practice are suggested.
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    Effect of Workload on Job Stress of Ghanaian OPD Nurses: The Role of Coworker Support
    (Safety and Health at Work, 2019) Kokoroko, E.; Sanda, M.A.
    Background: Although the concept of workload is important to nursing practice, only a few nursing researchers have focused on the issue of workload within the nursing context. Knowledge of how the dynamics of workload affects the job stress of nurses working in a specific unit or department in a hospital setting, and the influence of coworker support on this relationship, still remains limited. This study, therefore examined the effect of workload on job stress of Ghanaian outpatient department nurses and the moderating effect of coworker support on this relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used, and questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 216 outpatient department nurses from four major hospitals in Ghana. The data collected measured workload, job stress, and coworker support using National Aeronautics and Space Adminis tration (NASA) Task Load Index, job stress scale, and coworker support scale, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression. Results: High levels of workload were associated with high levels of job stress of the nurses. Also, higher levels of workload were related to higher levels of job stress for nurses who received high levels of coworker support, but this was not the case for those who received low levels of coworker support (reserve buffering effect). Conclusion: The finding reiterates the adverse effect of workloads on employees’ health, and the reverse buffering effect implies that supporting a colleague at work should be conveyed in a positive manner devoid of negative appraisal.
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    The Relationship between Firefighters’ Work Demand and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: The Moderating Role of Task Characteristics
    (Safety and Health at Work, 2019) Kodom-Wiredu, J.K.
    Background: Emergency workers such as firefighters are cataloged within the most demanding and injurious professions globally. Considering the health and safety implications in firefighting, a lot of research needs to be conducted to examine how firefighters’ task characteristics and their work demand influence the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study therefore examines how the task characteristics of firefighters moderates the relationship between their work demand and the development of WMSDs. Methods: Convenient sampling was employed to select 320 firefighters in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression. Results: The findings revealed that work demand and task characteristics have significant positive effects on WMSDs. Again, the task characteristics of firefighters moderates the relationship between their work demand and WMSDs. Conclusion: Since the study shows that task characteristics influences the relationship between work demand and WMSDs, it is vital for managers to constantly modify the nature of tasks performed by and work demand of emergency workers to minimize the development of WMSDs and other industrial health complications.
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    Regulations and Employees’ Commitment to Change: Does Emotional Intelligence Matter?
    (International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2018-06-27) Anku-Tsede, O.; Ametorwo, A.M.; Akudugu, A.M.
    This paper examined literature on emotional intelligence, commitment to change and the role of regulations in change management. Empirical and theoretical literature were analysed, together with secondary data from the Ghana Revenue Authority. Commitment levels of employees is a key determinant of the success of any change action. However, to achieve this success, those leading the change effort together with those affected by the change must all exhibit high levels of emotional intelligence. Drawing on institutional theory, the study found that regulations serve as both catalyst and vanguard of any change program. The study contributes to the basket of literature examining the link between institutional regulations and commitment to change, and the role of emotional intelligence in such link. Regulations play a very significant role in any change effort.
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    Leadership in the safety sense: where does perceived organisational support fit?
    (Journal of Management Development, 2019-10-04) Addo, S.A.; Dartey-Baah, K.
    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine leaders’ influence on the safety behaviours of employees and the possible mediating role of perceived organisational support (POS), focussing on transformational and transactional leadership. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered through a survey from 264 engineers and technicians in the power transmission subsector in Ghana and analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings – The analyses revealed that transformational leadership influenced safety behaviours positively while transactional leadership had no significant influence on employees’ safety behaviours. POS also mediated between the leadership styles and safety behaviours. Practical implications – Supervisors need to exhibit more transformational leadership behaviours and organisations need to show support for their employees’ wellbeing in order to aid supervisors’ influence on employees’ safety behaviours, especially if the leaders are more transactional in nature. Originality/value – The study addresses a dearth in literature and highlights the influences of leadership styles on the safety behaviours of the employees, as well as the importance of the organisation to commit to employees’ support and safety so as to enhance their good perceptions and consequently elicit better performance from them.
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    Benevolence and Negative Deviant Behavior in Africa: The Moderating Role of Centralization
    (Journal of Business Ethics, 2019-11-16) Zoogah, R.B.; Zoogah, D.B.
    The growing interest in Africa as well as concerns about negative deviant behaviors and ethnic structures necessitates examination of the effect of ethnic expectations on behavior of employees. In this study we leverage insight from ethnos oblige theory to propose that centralization of ethnic norms moderates the relationship between benevolence expectations and negative deviant behavior. Using a cross-sectional design and data from two countries (Ghana: n = 328 and Botswana: n = 100) as well as moderation and cross-cultural analytic techniques, we find support for three-way interactions where the relationship between benevolence and negative deviant behavior is moderated by centralization and culture. We discuss the implications of the findings which support the dynamic perspective of management in Africa.
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    Dimensions of expatriates adjustment in distant subsidiaries: A field study of a sub-Saharan African institutional distance
    (Thunderbird International Business Review, 2019-10-11) Abugre, J.B.; Williams, K.; Debrah, Y.A.
    The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of expatriates’ adjustments in distant and complex multinational subsidiaries. Using the institutional theory as a basis for expatriates’ assignments in complex subsidiaries, the work employed a sequential mixed methodology of data collection. An in‐depth face‐to‐face interview with 21 senior expatriate executives and a quantitative survey of 204 expatriates working in various multinational subsidiaries in Ghana served as data for the work. Consequently, a structural equation modeling (SEM) and a content analysis were the basis of the data analysis. Findings showed host country culture plays a significant role in determining expatriate adjustment in distant subsidiaries. Findings also showed expatriates’ competence in cross‐cultural communication significantly determines expatriates’ adjustment in distant subsidiaries. The work recommends an intensive training of expatriates in cross‐cultural communication and host cultural values and behaviors for international assignees.
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    The influence of business schools on the ethical behavior of students: A study from Ghana
    (Africa Journal of Management, 2019-07-08) Damoah, O.B.O.; Appiah, E.W.
    Business schools are key actors in the education of the future managers of corporate bodies. The incessant business scandals and negative environmental impact by businesses across the world are exposing business school shortcomings. To instill the benefits of ethical practices at the individual, corporate, national and global level in the next generation of managers, business schools are being encouraged to purposefully incorporate business ethics education as a key component of responsible management education in their practices. This study examines the influence of business schools on students’ ethical behavior. The study employs structural equation modeling to validate the hypotheses developed from the literature review. Using empirical data from Ghana, the results firstly show that compared to business schools with public ownership, those with private ownership impact more positively on students’ ethical behavior. Secondly, is found that business schools which have an affiliation status with bigger business schools impact positively on students’ ethical behavior. Lastly, the findings show that teaching of business ethics in business schools, whether as a core course or an elective, has no significant effect on the ethical behavior of students. Implications of the findings on responsible management education, policy and practice are suggested