Department of Organisation and Human Resource Management
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Item Academic Mentoring in a Public Research Institution: Experiences of New Academics(2014) Abugre, J.B.; Nyuur, R.B.Item The adoption and use of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in Ghana(ICEIS 2015 - 17th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Proceedings, 2015-01) Osei Nyame, P.K.; Boateng, R.The study looked at the adoption of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) among Ghanaian firms. A survey was conducted on 129 firms out of the 150 samples randomly selected from both the public and the private sectors in the country with a response rate of 86%. The findings first revealed that the adoption rate of HRIS in enterprises is not a common practice in Ghana since two-thirds of the organizations have never adopted HRIS use. Major general denominators for adoption and use of HRIS include firm size, organization type (i.e. profit making limited liability companies and profit making government organization) and age as well as the industry to which firms belong. Firms attributed the slow rate of adoption to reasons including the low numbers of employees, high cost of system installation, unawareness and low priority for such a system. Again, it was realized that the companies' readiness to adopt such a system was not encouraging. There were some technical, organizational and environmental factors that affect HRIS adoption which were unearthed. Copyright © 2015 SCITEPRESS Science and Technology Publications All rights reserved.Item Adversity or Opportunity? Exploring the Effect of COVID-19 on Ghana’s Informal Economy(2021) Anku-Tsede, O.; Arthur, R.This study purported to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal sector in Ghana. Particularly, the study sought to explore the nature of adversity, opportunities arising from the pandemic and remedial measures. The study adopted a mixed method and used a sample of 186 small-scale business owners and operators. The study found that the major driver of people into the informal sector were the lack of job opportunities in the formal sector rather than the need to evade government regulations. The adverse effects of the pandemic on informal businesses included lowered sales, shortage of supplies and closure of businesses. However, there were opportunities for informal businesses propelled by business diversification and technology. The study recommended the need for government to support and protect the informal sector to enhance mutual revenue generation amidst this pandemic.Item An analysis of the impact of strategic marketing on the Profitability of Rural Banks – A Case Study of Dangme Bank(2012) Amoako, G. K.,; Dartey-Baah, K.,The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence strategic marketing in relation to profitability in rural banking in Ghana. The research was conducted to see how management and employees follow strategic marketing programmes in delivering superior quality service to their customers and how customers view the service that they receive from the bank. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. The research revealed that strategic marketing has an effect on the profitability of rural bank services; it revealed that Dangme Rural Bank was marketing oriented and were practicing strategic marketing very well. All employees and the management were conscious of strategic marketing process and activities.Item Antecedents and outcomes of telecom reputation in Ghana(International Journal of Services, Economics and Management, 2018-01) Anlesinya, A.; Bukari, Z.; Bonuedi, A.A.; Mickson, M.K.; Brefo-Manuh, A.B.; Nyanyofio, G.J.N.T.Although reputation management has gained significant research attentions, the success of particular reputation management strategies in one context or industry does not guarantee their applicability in another place due to differences in culture and other context-dependent characteristics. Hence, this study investigated the antecedents and outcomes of telecom reputation in Ghana's telecommunication industry. Survey data from 534 adult mobile phone users were analysed using factor analysis and multiple regressions. Research findings revealed that the antecedents of telecom reputation in the Ghanaian telecommunication industry are: corporate social responsibility (CSR), customer orientation, perceived employer attractiveness, and perceived service quality. The mean ranking further revealed that CSR is the highest contributor while customer orientation is the least in the formation of positive telecom reputation. Moreover, findings showed that customer satisfaction is a major outcome of telecom reputation and its antecedents. The study adds to the literature by developing a model of antecedents and outcomes of telecom reputation in a developing economy, with significant practical implications for telecom reputation management.Item Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective(2011) Dartey-Baah, K.,; Amoako, G. K.,This paper critically examines Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the Ghanaian worker. The two-factor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find satisfying and dissatisfying about their jobs. These factors are the hygiene factors and motivators. The hygiene factors when absent can lead to dissatisfaction in the work place but when fully catered for in the work environment on their own are not sufficient to satisfy workers whereas the motivators referring to the nature of the job, provide satisfaction and lead to higher motivation. This paper adds to the understanding of what motivates the Ghanaian worker most and creates the platform for a re-evaluation of the thinking and viewpoint that workers rate motivator factors higher than the hygiene factors in the work setting.Item APPRAISING THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON WORKER SATISFACTION IN ORGANIZATIONAL WORKPLACE(2011) Abugre, J.B.Today, more and more businesses depend on communications for their success since a well-organized communication system is shown to be an important factor in stimulating worker satisfaction in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to assess organizational communication and its impact on worker satisfaction in organizational workplace. The paper examines three Ghanaian organizations in the formal sector using a quantitative survey of ninety respondents to gain information for the study. The chi-square test was used with cross-tabulation of the independent and dependent variables to test and answer the hypothesis and research questions formulated for the study. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between efficient organizational communication and employee satisfaction. Findings also show that organizational communication has a positive impact on employee performance. Analysis of the findings further reveals that workers prefer good leadership communication behavior because it has positive effects on workers in organizations. The study proposes that organizations in the formal sector will achieve their objectives if they pay proper attention to the communication processes through efficient organizational communication in the workplace.Item Are Ghanaian MFIs’ Performance Associated with Corporate Governance?(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2010) Aboagye, A.Q.Q.; Otieku, J.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether in Ghana, corporate governance, outreach to clients, reduced dependence on subsidies and use of modern technology (together called corporate governance plus) are associated with the performance of rural and community banks (RCBs), which are microfinance institutions (MFI), in the context of newly adopted codes of conduct and regulations, ownership rules and quality of management. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 30 randomly sampled RCBs were categorized into four groups based on analysis of several dimensions of financial performance. Next, RCBs were again categorized into four groups based on their corporate governance plus. A chi‐squared test of independence between the two groupings was performed. Findings – The authors found no association between RCBs' categories based on corporate governance plus and their categories based on financial performance. Practical implication – To enhance performance, corporate governance plus must impact financial performance as documented by OECD. Laws and codes of conduct recently designed to guide the conduct of business should be allowed to work. The restriction on individual ownership of RCBs to 30 percent should be relaxed. And RCBs should pay attention to developing the competencies of their boards and senior management. Originality/value – This is the first formal test of the association between state of corporate governance plus and financial performance of microfinance institutions in Ghana.Item Assessing Competitive Behaviour in Emerging Banking Market:(2012) Doku, J.N.; Abor, J.; Adjasi, C.K.D.; Andoh, C.Item Assessing Project Management Maturity in Africa: A Ghanaian Perspective(International Journal of Business Administration, 2013) Ofori, D.; Deffor, E.W.The level of project management awareness and recognition of the standards and knowledge sharing among professionals is on the rise. Despite this many projects continue to fail. Ameliorating project failure requires project management maturity among practitioners. Project management maturity is the progressive development of an enterprise-wide project management approach, methodology, strategy, and decision-making process. To ascertain the level of maturity among project-oriented organizations in Ghana the following research questions were raised: Is the concept of PM maturity understood in Ghana? What are Project Management Maturity levels in Ghana? What maturity models are in use? Are there differences in project management maturity levels in industries in Ghana? The study was exploratory and utilized a questionnaire survey method to collect data on project management Maturity in Ghanaian organizations. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 200 managers from different economic sectors. The findings showed that differences exist in the current project management maturity levels across each phase of the project life cycle for all organizations. The study also showed that most of the practitioners expect their respective organizations to attain higher levels of project management maturity (PMM) albeit at various levels. Organizations operating in the non-profit (NGO) category exhibited relatively higher levels of maturity compared to the other categories of organizations in all five phases of the project management life cycle. Firms in the public sector of Ghana recorded low levels of maturity in most of the phases of the project management life cycle. This may be attributed to the low level of project management expertise in the sector, with possible dire consequence to the country’s development since the public sector accounts for a large percentage of projects executed in Ghana. Overall, the findings seem to indicate that project management maturity occurs in phases; PM maturity does not occur as an event but is an ongoing process that is interlinked. The implication therefore is that organisations cannot claim to be mature in one area and neglect the other; it becomes imperative for project-implementing organizations in Ghana to strive to attain maturity in all five phases of the project management life cycle to attain the full benefits of the projects they implement.Item Assessing Project Maturity in Africa: A Ghanaian Perspective(2013) Ofori, D.F.; Deffor, E. W.,The level of project management awareness and recognition of the standards and knowledge sharing among professionals is on the rise. Despite this many projects continue to fail. Ameliorating project failure requires project management maturity among practitioners. Project management maturity is the progressive development of an enterprise-wide project management approach, methodology, strategy, and decision-making process. To ascertain the level of maturity among project oriented organisations in Ghana the following research questions were raised: Is the concept of PM maturity understood in Ghana? What are Project Management Maturity levels in Ghana? What maturity models are in use? Are there differences in project management maturity levels in industries in Ghana? The study was exploratory in nature and utilized a questionnaire survey method to collect data on project management Maturity in Ghanaian organizations. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 200 managers from different economic sectors. The findings showed that differences exist in the current project management maturity levels across each phase of the project life cycle for all organisations. The study also showed that most of the practitioners expect their respective organisations to attain higher levels of project management maturity (PMM) albeit at various levels. Organisations operating in the non-profit (NGO) category exhibited relatively higher levels of maturity compared to the other categories of organisations in all the five phases of the project management life cycle. Firms in the public sector of Ghana recorded low levels of maturity in most of the phases of the project management life cycle. This may be attributed to the low level of project management expertise in the sector, with possible dire consequence to the country’s development since the public sector accounts for a large percentage of projects executed in Ghana. Overall, the findings seem to indicate that project management maturity occurs in phases; PM maturity does not occur as an event but is an ongoing process that is interlinked. The implication therefore is that organisations cannot claim to be mature in one area and neglect the other; it becomes imperative for project implementing organisations in Ghana to strive to attain maturity in all the five phase of the project management life cycle in order to attain the full benefits of the projects they implement.Item Assessing Social Capital For Organisational Performance: Initial Exploratory Insights From Ghana(Organizations And Markets In Emerging Economies, 2010) Ofori, D.; Sackey, J.Social Capital is a concept that describes good quality social relations that can lead to mutual benefit. The fundamental proposition of social capital theory is that networks of relationships grant access to resources, especially information benefits not available to non-members of the network. This study assessed the functions of social capital within Ghanaian organizations, described the patterns and determinants of social capital use within organizations, and explored how social capital contributes to firm performance using a sample frame of firms listed in the Ghana Club 100. A questionnaire field survey supplemented by personal interviews was chosen as the most appropriate design for this investigation. Employees were sampled across the organizational hierarchy based on their responsibilities, positions, and type of relationship held with others within the organization. Data was also collected on demographic characteristics and organizational dynamics. The results showed that social capital is critical to knowledge sharing in the Ghanaian organization; that it helps to get things done and helps in the attainment of organizational objectives. The findings also suggested that three determinate variables of social capital: reciprocity, trust, and institutional ties, have the most significant positive relationship with organizational performance. Given that, the study recommends that firms take a proactive approach towards promoting, building, and maintaining viable social networks within their structures to derive maximum benefit from it.Item Assessing Social Capital for Organizational Performance: Initial Exploratory Insights from Ghana(Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 2010) Ofori, D.F.; Sackey, J.Social capital is a concept that describes good quality social relations that can lead to mutual benefit. The fundamental proposition of social capital theory is that networks of relationships great access to resources, especially information benefits not available to non-members of the network. This study, assessed the functions of social capital within Ghanaian organizations, described the patterns and determinants of social capital sue within organizations and explored how social capital contributes to form performance using a sample frame of forms listed in the Ghana Club 100. Questionnaire field survey supplemented by personal interviews was chosen as the most appropriate design for this investigation. Employees were sampled across the organizational hierarchy based on their responsibilities held, positions type of relationship held with others within the organization. Data was also collected on the demographic characteristics and organizational dynamics. The results shows that social capital is critical to knowledge sharing in the Ghanaian organizational dynamics. The result showed that social capital is critical to knowledge sharing in the Ghanaian organization; that it helps to get thing done and helps in the attainment of organizational objectives. The findings also suggested that three determinate variables of social capital; reciprocity, trust and institutional ties, have the most significant positive relationship with organizational performance. In view of that, the study recommends that firms take a proactive approach towards promoting, building and maintaining viable social networks within their structures in order to derive maximum benefit from it.Item Assessing the Corporate Governance Practices of the Hospitality Industry(2009) Bokpin, G. A.; Stella, N.E.,The purpose of this study is to examine the governance practices of the hospitality industry in Ghana. The study compares the governance practices of two sets of hotels (3-star and 4-star hotels) within the context of best practices around the world. The study adopts a comparative case study methodology by comparing the governance structures of 3-star and 4-star hotels. This is meant to ascertain whether these classes of hotels exhibit different or similar governance practices. The findings revealed that governance practices did not meet best practices around the world. Even though, the corporate governance practices are in line with the provisions of the Companies Code, lapses are widespread reflected in board composition and board sub-committee (audit committee) to slate of other procedures that depart from international best practices. It was ascertained that there were similarities and differences in the governance practices of the two classes of hotels. This raises serious concerns which must be addressed if the hospitality industry is to offer the needed boost to the economy of Ghana. The originality of the paper lies in the fact that it considers a unique sector often neglected by researchers in Ghana and also within Sub-Saharan Africa.Item Assessing the impact of cross-cultural communication competence on expatriate business operations in multinational corporations of a Sub-Saharan African context(International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 2019-04) Abugre, J.B.; Debrah, Y.A.This study investigated the impact of cross-cultural communication competence (CCC) on expatriates’ work outcomes in emerging economies. Using a convergent parallel design methodology of data collection comprising an in-depth face-to-face interview with 21 expatriate executives, and a quantitative survey of 204 expatriates in various subsidiaries in Ghana, a structural equation modeling and a content analysis were the basis of data analysis. Findings suggest that host country culture is related to CCC. Additionally, expatriates’ CCC is influenced by multicultural team effectiveness and their interpersonal skills. The work recommends training of expatriates in cross-cultural communication for subsidiary assignments.Item An Assessment of Islamic Work Ethics of Employees in Organizations: Insights from the United Arab Emirates(2013) Shagufta, S.; Abugre, J.B.The purpose of this research is to present a critical assessment of Islamic work ethics (IWE) of employees in public and private organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The work uses a quantitative survey method to gather the opinions of employees in both public and private organizations in the UAE on IWE. The findings of the study revealed that the ability of a worker to balance his or her personal and organizational needs in the workplace meant success in his religious and organizational life. Also, findings showed that being productive in work organizations should not be tied to the amount of money one gets, and that illicit behavior like stockpiling grains and other essential commodities for the purpose of profit - making in times of need is unethical and un-islamic. This study clearly indicates the need for employees and managers to uphold the Muslim teachings which can be manifested in their daily work attitudes (best practices) in various organizations. The study highlights the various ethical variables that employees believe are essential to work organizations while keeping faith to the Islamic religion.Item An Assessment of Islamic Work Ethics of Employees in Organizations: Insights from the United Arab Emirates, Problems of Management in the 21st Century(2013) Shagufta, S.; Abugre, J.B.The purpose of this research is to present a critical assessment of Islamic work ethics (IWE) of employees in public and private organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The work uses a quantitative survey method to gather the opinions of employees in both public and private organizations in the UAE on IWE. The findings of the study revealed that the ability of a worker to balance his or her personal and organizational needs in the workplace meant success in his religious and organizational life. Also, findings showed that being productive in work organizations should not be tied to the amount of money one gets, and that illicit behavior like stockpiling grains and other essential commodities for the purpose of profit - making in times of need is unethical and un-islamic. This study clearly indicates the need for employees and managers to uphold the Muslim teachings which can be manifested in their daily work attitudes (best practices) in various organizations. The study highlights the various ethical variables that employees believe are essential to work organizations while keeping faith to the Islamic religion.Item Bank Concentration and Economic Costs of Deposit Mobilization and Credit Extension in Ghana(2012) Aboagye, A.Q.Q.Welfare losses due to misallocation of resources in the deposit and loans markets and inefficiency costs in both markets resulting from the concentration of the Ghanaian banking industry are estimated, respectively using the Harberger's triangle and deviations from cost efficient stochastic frontier approaches. Corporate governance variables hypothesized in the literature to be correlated with bank inefficiencies were also investigated. Estimates suggest that net welfare loss over 2001 - 2008 averaged 2.6% of gross domestic product (GDP) per year, while inefficiency costs averaged only 0.7% of GDP. Bank concentration is positively correlated with efficiency in both deposits and loans markets. The elasticity of operating costs with respect to deposits exceeds the elasticity with respect to loans. We recommend that steps be taken to reduce bank concentration as the resultant narrowing of interest rate spreads will likely yield welfare gains that exceed efficiency gains realizable from increased concentration.Item Banking Sector Development in Emerging Markets: A Review of Recent Development in Africa(2013) Doku, J.N.; Abor, J.; Adjasi, C.K.D.; Andoh, C.Key to the economic transformation of developing economies is the banking sector developments. The banking sector in Africa has witnessed a steady growth in its core functional areas over the recent decades. This growth has implications on access to finance and stability in the financial system. This study reviews banking sector performance, competition, access to finance and stability in the context of sub-regional and comparator regional analysis with the view to informing and shaping policy directions. The North African economies recorded high levels of financial deepening than the rest of the regions. With the same economic conditions like South Asia, East Asia Pacific and Latin America and Caribbean regions, African’s banking sector depth lags behind these regions. Access to financial institutions is high in Southern African region than the rest of the sub-regions. Again, Africa records very low level of banking sector accessibility compared to its comparator regions. Moreover, the banking system in Africa is characterized by high costs, inefficiency and high margins. The banking system also exhibit high concentration and market power and relative stability than comparator regions. The North African economies exhibit low presence of foreign banks than sub-regional groupings.Item Benevolence and Negative Deviant Behavior in Africa: The Moderating Role of Centralization(Journal of Business Ethics, 2019-11-16) Zoogah, R.B.; Zoogah, D.B.The growing interest in Africa as well as concerns about negative deviant behaviors and ethnic structures necessitates examination of the effect of ethnic expectations on behavior of employees. In this study we leverage insight from ethnos oblige theory to propose that centralization of ethnic norms moderates the relationship between benevolence expectations and negative deviant behavior. Using a cross-sectional design and data from two countries (Ghana: n = 328 and Botswana: n = 100) as well as moderation and cross-cultural analytic techniques, we find support for three-way interactions where the relationship between benevolence and negative deviant behavior is moderated by centralization and culture. We discuss the implications of the findings which support the dynamic perspective of management in Africa.