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Item Effect of Different Drying Techniques on the Functionality and Digestibility of Yellow-Fleshed Cassava Flour and Its Performance in Food Application(Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2023) Akonor, P. T.; Osei-Tutu, C.; Affrifah, N. S.; Budu, A. S.; Saalia, F. K.The impact of different drying techniques on the properties of yellow cassava flour and its food application was investigated in this study. Flour was made from three cultivars of yellow cassava by solar-, hot air oven-, or drum- drying. Their functionality was determined by standard methods, and their digestibility was evaluated in vitro. The flours were used in the preparation of fufu, which was evaluated by sensorial and instrumental methods. The digestibility of drum-dried flours was higher (69.4–79.7%) than solar- (60.4–70.7%) or air oven-dried flours (60.3–70.4%), whereas β-carotene concentration was higher in air oven-dried samples compared to the others. Significant differences (p < 0 05) due to cultivar and/or drying technique were observed in the hydration and pasting properties of the flours. Instrumental texture analysis of fufu made from yellow cassava flours showed both drying technique and cultivar to affect the hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the product. Acceptability scores for the fufu ranged from 4 to 6, with a decisive preference for samples produced from drum-dried flours. The study has shown the successful utilization of different drying techniques in the production of flour from yellow cassava variants for the preparation of fufu.Item Physical, Chemical, And Rheological Properties Of Flour From Accessions Of Frafra Potato (Solenostemon Rotundifolius)(Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2023) Osei Tutu, C.; Amissah, J.G.N.; Amissah, J.N.; et al.Frafra Potato (FP) is a climate-smart crop facing extinction in the tropical regions of Africa due to inadequate information about its properties. This study determined the physicochemical, functional, and rheological characteristics of flours from ten FP accessions to gauge their suitability for culinary purposes. The flour yield from FP tubers ranged from 59.3% (E134) to 69.3% (E111). While FP flours (FPF) exhibited consistent colour across Accessions and variations in paste clarity were noted, ranging from 5.2% (E145 and Maa-Lana) to 8.6% (WAAPP). The least gelation concentration varied from 8% (WAAPP) to 12% (E 82, 111, 132, 134, 145). Released acquisitions showed higher protein and ash content than unreleased ones. Mineral composition differed significantly among accessions, including iron, calcium, zinc, and phosphorus, each with varying bioavailability percentages. Vitamin A content also varied across accessions. Proteins common in tuber crops, such as lipoxygenase, patatin, sporamin, tarin, and protease inhibitors (Bowman-Birk PIs) were identified in FPF. Amino acid analysis revealed nineteen amino acids, including seven essentials. FPF characteristics included a bulk density of 0.9 g/ml, oil and water binding capacities of 3 g/g and 1.3 g/g, respectively, a pH of 6.4, and a titratable acidity of 0.5. All FP flours displayed standard non-Newtonian behaviour, exhibiting pseudoplastic properties. They also showed a type II sigmoidal sorption curve, indicating increased equilibrium moisture content with higher water activity. Moisture sorption studies predicted a safe storage maximum allowable moisture content. These findings have practical implications. implications for flour packaging and storage. The study underscores the culinary potential of Frafra potato and its role in addressing food and nutrition security in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa.Item towards improving the utilisation of counselling centre services by Ghanaian university students: an exploratory study(Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2023) Kyei, J.J.; Nyarko, N.Y.A.This study sought to explore university students’ expectations from on-campus counselling centres in order to improve service utilisation . A total of 72 Ghanaian students attending a public university in Accra (64% females; 85% undergraduate; 90% in the 18–35 age range) provided written responses of their expectations from their counselling centre . Thematic analyses yielded two essential counselling centre needs: Enhanced counselling centre functions and the elimination of systems barriers . For enhanced counselling centre functions, students reported needing traditional and non-traditional services, as well as advocacy efforts on their behalf . Systems barriers students wanted eliminated were stigma, low awareness and inaccessibility . These findings indicate a need for a holistic approach to service delivery, and elimination of services-seeking barriers to improve counselling centre service utilisation at Ghanaian universities.Item Physicochemical and microstructural characteristics of Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius) starch(International Journal of Food Properties, 2023) Tutu, C.O.; Amissah, J.G.N.; Amissah, J.N.; Akonor, P.T.; Arthur, W.; Budu, A.S.; Saalia, F.K.Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius) is an underutilized climate-resilient tuber crop commonly cultivated in the tropics. Different accessions have been identified and bred to broaden its application in food. This study characterized the starches extracted from ten accessions, from Ghana (released) and Burkina Faso (unreleased), in terms of yield, physicochemical, and microstructural characteristics. The starches did not differ significantly (p < .05) in color (L*) and amount (35 to 39% dry matter basis). Furthermore, there were no significant differences (p < .05) among them in amylose/amylopectin ratio, syneresis %, granule types and shapes, except for one of the unreleased accessions (E82), which had a significantly (p < .05) smaller granule size. There were, however, significant differences (p < .05) in paste clarity of the starch gels, ranging from 51 to 63% of the starch gels, as well as in the thermal properties of the starches. The XRD and FTIR spectra showed the starches to be A-type, typical of tuber starches, with relative crystallinities ranging between 30.5 to 33.5%. The ten Frafra potato cultivars were clustered into two groups using PCA procedures; one group (Maa-Lana and Nutsugah) clustering on thermal properties of starch, while the other group (E82, E111, E132, E134, E145, Manga, Naachem-Tiir, and WAAPP) on paste clarity and change in temperature. The variations in granule size and thermal characteristics of the starches could impact the performance, cooking and textural properties, of these Frafra potato accessions in food applications.Item Physicochemical and microstructural characteristics of Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius) starch(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Osei Tutu, C.; Amissah, J.G.N.; Amissah, J.N.; et al.Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius) is an underutilized climate-resilient tuber crop commonly cultivated in the tropics. Different accessions have been identified and bred to broaden its application in food. This study characterized the starches extracted from ten accessions, from Ghana (released) and Burkina Faso (unreleased), in terms of yield, physicochemical, and microstructural characteristics. The starches did not differ significantly (p < .05) in color (L*) and amount (35 to 39% dry matter basis). Furthermore, there were no significant differences (p < .05) among them in amylose/amylopectin ratio, syneresis %, granule types and shapes, except for one of the unreleased accessions (E82), which had a significantly (p < .05) smaller granule size. There were, however, significant differences (p < .05) in paste clarity of the starch gels, ranging from 51 to 63% of the starch gels, as well as in the thermal properties of the starches. The XRD and FTIR spectra showed the starches to be A-type, typical of tuber starches, with relative crystallinities ranging between 30.5 to 33.5%. The ten Frafra potato cultivars were clustered into two groups using PCA procedures; one group (Maa-Lana and Nutsugah) clustering on thermal properties of starch, while the other group (E82, E111, E132, E134, E145, Manga, Naachem-Tiir, and WAAPP) on paste clarity and change in temperature. The variations in granule size and thermal characteristics of the starches could impact the performance, cooking and textural properties, of these Frafra potato accessions in food applicationsItem Consumer perceptions of plant based beverages: The Ghanaian consumer’s perspective(Future Foods, 2023) Acquah, J.B.; Amissah, J.G.N.; Affrifah, N.S.; Wooster, T.J.; Danquah, A.O.This study identified factors influencing consumer desirability for a concept beverage from tiger nut milk and cocoa pulp using qualitative focus groups with four demographic groups: mothers, young adults, adults, and middle-aged adults. Specifically, Ghanaian consumers’ knowledge of plant-based beverages (PBB), sensory attributes driving preferences and selection, and willingness to purchase were investigated. Focus group discussions were thematically analyzed by Attride-Stirling’s method using ATLAS.ti.7 software. Most consumers were knowledgeable of PBB. Health and nutrition were main drivers of consumption while taste, cost, availability, and culture were barriers to consumption. Drivers of consumer preference of PBB differed across demographic groups. Environmentally conscious consumers (mothers, adults, and middle-aged) preferred paper packaging while young adults preferred plastic packaging for convenience. Middle-aged adults preferred unsweetened versions for health reasons and mothers preferred unflavoured PBB for their children. Consumers expressed willingness to purchase the concept beverage, citing innovation, taste, and health benefits as main drivers. Industrial Relevance: Increased consumer awareness of the relationship between diet and disease and the importance of consuming healthful foods has informed a switch to more plant-based diets. Our results provide valuable insights to facilitate the development of an acceptable plant-based beverage for Ghanaian consumers.Item Granular structure, physicochemical and rheological characteristics of starch from yellow cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes(International Journal of Food Properties, 2023) Akonor, P.T.; Tutu, C.O.; Arthur, W.; Adjebeng-Danquah, J.; Affrifah, N.S.; Budu, A.S.; Saalia, F.K.This study examined the structural and physicochemical characteristics of starch isolated from seven yellow cassava genotypes. The structural properties of yellow cassava starch from these cultivars were elucidated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Their water interaction properties, digestibility and viscoelastic behavior were also compared, and principal component analysis was used to establish factors associated with the variability in properties of the starch. All the starches were of the A-type diffraction pattern, with crystallinity ranging between 31 and 37%. Most of the granules exhibited spherical and oval shapes, some with a flat surface on one side. They had smooth surfaces and their sizes ranged from 4 µm for round granules to 23 µm for the major axis of oval-shaped granules. Significant differences (p < .05) were observed in amylose content, in-vitro digestibility, peak and breakdown viscosity of the starches, and these ranged between 13.6–18.1%, 11.4–18.5%, 354–520 BU and 233–366 BU, respectively. Significant differences were also recorded in the hydration and textural behavior of starches from these cassava cultivars. The differences observed in granular and physicochemical properties are likely to influence the performance of these cassava cultivars in food applications.Item Apparel shopping styles of Ghanaian female young adults(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021) Appiadu, D.; Kuma-Kpobee, M.; Vandyck, E.Purpose – The purpose of the study was to identify the apparel shopping styles of Ghanaian female young adults and to assess the applicability of the consumer styles inventory (CSI) within the Ghanaian context. Design/methodology/approach – A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 405 Ghanaian female undergraduate students aged 18–25 years from the University of Ghana. The CSI was used to collect data and these were analyzed using principal component analysis. Findings – The results showed that the subjects adopted multiple shopping styles when scouting for stores and selecting apparel for managing their appearance. Seven of the CSI dimensions were confirmed (perfectionism, brand consciousness, novelty-fashion consciousness, confused by over-choice, impulsive carelessness, recreational hedonism and habitual brand loyalty). A new shopping style, indifference shopping orientation was identified. Practical implications – Market segmentation, product development and marketing strategies should be tailored to the shopping styles of female young consumers in Ghana. Originality/value – This study, for the first time, uses the consumer characteristic approach and the CSI to identify the apparel decision-making styles of young adult female Ghanaians. This fulfils the need for the study of shopping styles, which is vital for producers and marketers to enable them to make informed decisions to meet specific needs and expectations of these cohorts of consumers.Item Double Jeopardy: HIV-Positive Wives Caring for Their HIV- Positive Spouses in Accra(Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2019-05) Tackie-Ofosu, V.; Senah, K.; Tagoe, M.; Gadegbeku, C.; Vandyke, E.Given improved medical treatment, AIDS seems no longer like a death sentence in many countries. AIDS patients live longer and are expected to be given the necessary care and support. This study explored the experiences of HIV-positive wives caring for their husbands living with AIDS. Using a qualitative method, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women living with HIV/AIDS selected from the Fever Unit at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study revealed that although participants demonstrated their willingness to give quality care, care experiences were closely linked to available resources. In other words, care was perceived by all participants as being synonymous with availability of family resources. Insufficient resources (especially in terms of energy and financial resources) hindered the quality of care provided to HIV positive husbands. The challenge of insufficient financial, time, energy and other resources placed a lot of physical, health, economic and emotional burdens on participants and this affected their capacity to engage fully in daily activities. In conclusion, experiences of wives caring for their husband with AIDS influenced care practices in the home. Insufficient resources (especially in terms of energy and financial resources) hindered the quality of care HIV positive wives provided to HIV positive husbands. It resulted in a compromise of adequate and quality care not only to the sick husband but to the children as well. In the light of these findings, it was recommended that there should be sensitization or education on effective Family Resource Management; stigmatization and fear of HIV/AIDS by the Family and Consumer Sciences Outreach Program, HIV/AIDS advocates, Ghana Health, Ghana AIDS Commission and other relevant stakeholders Further research could also be conducted using a larger sample size to gain insight into the challenges of HIV positive wives when caring for their HIV positive husbands.Item Perspectives on Markers of Adulthood among Emerging Adults in Ghana and Nigeria(Emerging Adulthood, 2018-06) Obidoa, C.A.; Dodor, B.A.; Tackie-Ofosu, V.; Obidoa, M.A.; Kalisch, H.R.; Nelson, L.J.Within the rapidly growing literature on emerging adulthood worldwide, studies examining this concept in African countries are virtually nonexistent. In an effort to continue the inclusion of other countries and cultures in the discussion of this developmental concept, there is a need to conduct research on emerging adulthood in African countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives on the markers of adulthood among emerging adults at selected universities in Ghana and Nigeria. Results reveal that the markers of adulthood among youth in Ghana and Nigeria are eclectic, with strong ties to sociocultural factors. The findings of this study make several important contributions to the literature for our understanding of the concept of emerging adulthood and serve as anchor for further research in the field of emerging adulthood in West Africa.Item Resource prospects of Municipal solid wastes generated in the Ga East Municipal Assembly of Ghana(Journal of Health and Pollution, 2017) Abiti, B.; Hartard, S.; Brad, H.B.; Pishva, D.; Ahiakpa, J.K.Background. Municipal solid wastes management has recently become an important public health concern. Municipal solid wastes are a major source of raw materials that could be used for resource recovery for diverse applications. Objectives. The present study aimed to determine the composition of municipal solid waste and recoverable resources from the waste of the Ga East Municipal Assembly (GEMA) in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Methods. An exploratory approach was used to collect pertinent data from the Abloradgei dumpsite in GEMA using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion. A field characterization study was undertaken to segregate and estimate the value of various components of collected waste. Dumpsite workers were asked about current general composition of MSW, mode of collection and disposal, record of sanitation-related diseases, use of modern treatment plant, waste management legislation and enforcement challenges, number of trucks received by the dumpsite per day, record on pretreatment of MSW before disposal, and use of personnel protective equipment. Results. The results showed that significant proportions (48.8%) of the municipal solid wastes were organic materials, while the remaining (51.2%) were inorganic materials. The results also showed that 63% of the municipal solid waste is collected with no sorting from the source and no modern treatment applied before dumping. It was estimated that the value of the recyclable materials in GEMA municipal solid waste amounts to Ghana Cedis (GH¢) 9,381,960 (plastic); 985,111 (mixed glass); 5,160,078 (paper) and 11,586,770 (metal) with a total of GH¢ 27,113,919 ($10,845,568) equivalent to 2,106,339.2 m3 (74,384,667.5 ft3) per annum of biogas from these components with a market value of GH¢ 1,997,972.17 ($768, 393.62); 11,579 Mwh (1.32 Mw) of electricity and 9,535 Mwh (1.09 Mw) of heat. This is estimated to be lost with the current waste management practices. Conclusions. We recommend that GEMA institute sustainable recycling practices and utilization of biogas production technologies and prioritize sanitation and waste management education for the public, obligate home segregation of waste materials, involve workers by providing them with protective clothing, incorporate informal waste collectors and scavengers into the new system and collaborate with research institutions in waste-toresource projects to ensure a more sustainable waste management system in the municipality.Item Breeding Maize for Tolerance to Acidic Soils: A Review(Agronomy, 2018-05) Tandzi, L.N.; Mutengwa, C.S.; Ngonkeu, E.L.M.; Gracen, V.Acidic soils hamper maize (Zea mays L.) production, causing yield losses of up to 69%. Low pH acidic soils can lead to aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), or iron (Fe) toxicities. Genetic variability for tolerance to low soil pH exists among maize genotypes, which can be exploited in developing high-yielding acid-tolerant maize genotypes. In this paper, we review some of the most recent applications of conventional and molecular breeding approaches for improving maize yield under acidic soils. The gaps in breeding maize for tolerance to low soil pH are highlighted and an emphasis is placed on promoting the adoption of the numerous existing acid soil-tolerant genotypes. While progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to Al toxicity, little has been done on Mn and Fe toxicities. More research inputs are therefore required in: (1) developing screening methods for tolerance to manganese and iron toxicities; (2) elucidating the mechanisms of maize tolerance to Mn and Fe toxicities; and, (3) identifying the quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for Mn and Fe tolerance in maize cultivars. There is also a need to raise farmers’ and other stakeholders’ awareness of the problem of Al, Mn, and Fe soil toxicities to improve the adoption rate of the available acid-tolerant maize genotypes. Maize breeders should work more closely with farmers at the early stages of the release process of a new variety to facilitate its adoption level. Researchers are encouraged to strengthen their collaboration and exchange low soil pH-tolerant maize germplasm.Item Reliability of length measurements collected by community nurses and health volunteers in rural growth monitoring and promotion services(BMC Health Services Research, 2018-02) Laar, M.E.; Marquis, G.S.; Lartey, A.; Gray-Donald, K.Background Length measurements are important in growth, monitoring and promotion (GMP) for the surveillance of a child’s weight-for-length and length-for-age. These two indices provide an indication of a child’s risk of becoming wasted or stunted, and are more informative about a child’s growth than the widely used weight-for-age index (underweight). Although the introduction of length measurements in GMP is recommended by the World Health Organization, concerns about the reliability of length measurements collected in rural outreach settings have been expressed by stakeholders. Our aim was to describe the reliability and challenges associated with community health personnel measuring length for rural outreach GMP activities. Methods Two reliability studies (A and B), using 10 children less than 24 months each, were conducted in the GMP services of a rural district in Ghana. Fifteen nurses and 15 health volunteers (HV) with no prior experience in length measurements were trained. Intra- and inter-observer technical error of measurement (TEM), average bias from expert anthropometrist, and coefficient of reliability (R) of length measurements were assessed and compared across sessions. Observations and interviews were used to understand the ability and experiences of health personnel with measuring length at outreach GMP. Results Inter-observer TEM was larger than intra-observer TEM for both nurses and HV at both sessions and was unacceptably (compared to error standards) high in both groups at both time points. Average biases from expert’s measurements were within acceptable limits, however, both groups tended to underestimate length measurements. The R for lengths collected by nurses (92.3%) was higher at session B compared to that of HV (87.5%). Length measurements taken by nurses and HV, and those taken by an experienced anthropometrist at GMP sessions were of moderate agreement (kappa = 0.53, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The reliability of length measurements improved after two refresher trainings for nurses but not for HV. In addition, length measurements taken during GMP sessions may be susceptible to errors due to overburdened health personnel and crowded GMP clinics. There is need for both pre- and in-service training of nurses and HV on length measurements and procedures to improve reliability of length measurements.Item Cultural variability and consistency in adolescents’ emotional regulation and relationship with their parents: Data from Argentina, Ghana, India and Zambia(International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 2019-01) Hapunda, G.; Mahama, S.; Mesurado, B.; Verma, S.K.; Koller, S.The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between parent–child relationship and emotional regulation in adolescents across four countries regarding: (a) mother–child relationship; (b) father–child relationship; (c) adolescents’ emotion regulation; and (d) the relationship between mother–child/father–child close relationships and adolescents’ emotion regulation. Sex differences were also considered in the analysis. The sample of 270 Zambian, 216 Argentinian, 200 Ghanaian, and 180 Indian adolescents answered The Experience in Close Relationship Questionnaire and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. Results revealed cultural differences in the way adolescents perceived their relations with parents. Zambian adolescents were more likely to perceive their relationship as avoidant compared to Ghanaian, Argentina and Indian. Consistent with literature, Zambian and Argentinian adolescents who perceived their parents as avoidant were likely to use less cognitive appraisal as an emotion regulation strategy. Finally, Argentinian adolescents who used expressive suppression were also likely to perceive their parents as avoidant.Item Potential impacts of a green revolution in Africa-the case of Ghana(Journal of International Development, 2011-01) Breisinger, C.; Diao, X.; Thurlow, J.; Hassan, R.M.A.Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item An analysis of the agricultural science, technology and innovation system for plantain (Musa spp.) in Ghana(Acta Horticulturae, 2010-11) Egyir, I.S.; Owusu-Bennoah, E.; Anno-Nyako, F.O.; Banful, B.This study employs the Agricultural Science, Technology and Innovation (ASTI) systems analysis framework to assess the policy environment of Ghana, key plantain actors' competencies and performance, and the effectiveness of linkages as indicators of innovation capacity. Data from over 358 respondents were collected. The results of the study show that the food and agriculture, and other subsector, policies specify strategies that directly or indirectly serve as an incentive framework for plantain (Musa spp.) development. Several plantain projects related to technology improvement and dissemination have been implemented and there has been significant growth in plantain yield from 5 to 9.7 t ha-1. The positive changes in habits and practices and competencies of key actors are clear; some farmers have adopted micro-propagation of new cultivars, integrated pest management, zero tillage and use of inorganic fertilizers. There are four firms in plantain flour production, whereas plantain chips (a snack) has been commercialised. However, the strongest linkage is still between farmers and traders; the weakest is between research and policy makers. Hence, the effectiveness of functions of research institution and extension agencies has been questioned. Although there is extension of new information, the adoption of improved technology is not widespread. Low budgetary support to governmental agencies, poor access to financial markets and high cost of inputs are listed as key constraints to improved performance. Government is called upon to increase budgetary allocation to statutory research and development agencies to sustain development and diffusion of new information, as well as policy dialoguing. Non-governmental organisations and the private sector should also intervene more strongly in credit provision and facilitation of farmerbased organisations (FBO). It is suggested that FBOs formalise their operations in order to improve linkages with research and extension institutions and together press for direct subsidy of disease-free micro-plantlets for members.Item Fish and Shellfish Allergens(Allergen Management in the Food Industry, 2010-08) Danquah, A.O.; Boye, J.I.; Simpson, B.K.This chapter discusses fish and shellfish allergens. Topics include food allergy, abnormal reaction of body's immune system to certain foods, food products containing fish and fish ingredients and processing effects on allergenicity. The chapter is divided into sections discussing fish and shellfish allergy; food products containing fish and fish ingredients; and effects of processing on allergenicity.Item Effects of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) variety and processing on the quality and consumer appeal for its products(International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2009-10) Nti, C.A.Five landraces of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) from northern Ghana were assessed for their physical characteristics, chemical composition and the effects of variety and processing on quality and consumer appeal for use in food products. The cultivars had distinct colour differences ranging from cream through brown, maroon to black, with variations in the seed sizes and seed coat thicknesses. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in some of the chemical components of the different varieties of bambara. Protein and fat contents ranged from 19.3% to 27.1% and 4.8% to 7.0%, respectively, while ash content was not significantly (P > 0.05) different among the cultivars. Tannin content ranged between 4.5 mg CE g-1 sample for the cream-coloured and 14.9 mg CE g-1 sample for the black variety. Dehulling increased the protein content, reduced tannin content by up to 92% and improved the colour of bambara products, while heat treatment enhanced their taste, aroma and overall acceptability. © 2009 Institute of Food Science and Technology.Item Development and quality characteristics of shelf-stable soy-agushie: a residual by-product of soymilk production(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Nti, C.V.; Plahar, W.A.; Annan, N.T.A process was developed for the production of a high-protein food ingredient, soy-agushie, from the residual by-product of soymilk production. The product, with a moisture content of about 6%, was evaluated for its quality characteristics and performance in traditional dishes. The protein content was about 26% with similar amino acids content as that of the whole soybean. Lysine remained high in the dehydrated product (6.57 g/16 g N). While over 60% of the original B vitamins content in the beans was extracted with the milk, high proportions of the minerals were found to be retained in the residual by-product. The process adequately reduced the trypsin inhibitor levels in the beans from 25 to 1.5 mg/g. High sensory scores were obtained for recipes developed with soy-agushie in traditional dishes. The scope of utilization of the soy-agushie could be widened to include several traditional foods and bakery products for maximum nutritional benefits. © 2015 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item A finite volume scheme for simulation of rainwater harvesting process(Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Advanced Technology in the Environmental Field, ATEF 2006, 2007) Unami, K.; Kawachi, T.; Yangyuoru, M.; Ishida, K.A finite volume scheme to numerically solve the twodimensional (2D) shallow water equations with source terms is presented. Innovative methods are developed for data reconstruction, flux splitting, evaluation of numerical fluxes, and treatment of source terms. Total variation diminishing (TVD) properties and monotonicity are established without using an approximate Riemann solver. The finite volume scheme is applied for numerical simulation of surface runoff phenomena in a watershed, which is the catchment area of a rainwater harvesting dam. The ground surface topography of the watershed is complex, and unsteady transcritical surface flow dominates the rainwater harvesting process. The simulation results demonstrate that the numerical model is excellent in terms of accuracy, robustness, efficiency, and applicability.
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