Department of Organisation and Human Resource Management (OHRM)
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Item Occupational Health And Safety As A Predictor Of Commitment Among Workers In The Ghanaian Mining Sector(University Of Ghana, 2014) Muah, P.This study sought to examine and establish the relationship and effect of occupational health and safety on organizational commitment. First, it was proposed that occupational health and safety would have a positive relationship with affective, normative and continuance commitment. Next, job safety, co-worker safety, supervisor safety, safety programs and management safety practices were expected to predict affective, normative and continuance commitment. Descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used and the sample on which conclusions were based consisted of 370 employees of the Ghanaian mining industry who were selected using simple random sampling method. OHS was measured using instrument develop by Hayes et.al, (1998). The survey instrument has five construct made up of job safety, co-worker safety, supervisor safety, safety programs and management safety practices. Also, organizational commitment was measured using commitment instrument developed by Allen and Meyer (1997) with three dimensions (affective, normative and continuance). Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses were used to test for proposed hypotheses. The correlational analysis showed a positive significant relationship between OHS and affective, normative and continuance commitment. Further the hierarchical regression showed that co-worker safety and management safety practices had a significant effect on affective, normative and continuance commitment. However, job safety, supervisor safety and safety programs did not predict affective, normative and continuance commitment. It was concluded that Management within the mining sector of Ghana must recognize the fact that workers who feel healthy and safe in the performance of their duties, develop emotional attachment and have a sense of obligation to their organization and are most likely to stay. Also invest in the protection of employees‘ health and safety on the job since that would improve employees‘ commitment to the organization.Item Application Of Eclectic Theory Of Internationalisation To Ghanaian Firms: The Case Of Blue Skies Ghana Limited.(University Of Ghana, 2020-07) Afriyie-Ahenkan, M.Internationalisation activities of firms have increased significantly over the last two decades due to globalization. In the past two decades, internationalisation activities of firms from merging and developing countries have increased significantly. Internationalisation activities of firms are becoming more and more diverse due to increasing integration of global markets and opportunities in both developed and developing countries. Using Dunning’s Eclectic theory of internationalisation, this study examines how ownership, location and internalisation advantages have influenced the internationalisation activities of Ghanaian firms using Blue Skies Ghana Limited as a Case Study. Through qualitative approach within an interpretivist paradigm, this study generated in-depth explanations on the internationalisation activities of Blue Skies. Six managerial staff of Blue Skies were purposively selected and interviewed. The data collected was analyzed using the Miles & Huberman (1994) approach to qualitative data analysis. The findings reveal that Blue Skies possesses certain ownership advantages (O), location, and internalisation advantages that have successfully influenced its internationalisation activities. These advantages have strongly informed its internationalisation activities in subsidiary countries such as South Africa, Egypt, United Kingdom and Brazil and its export countries such as France, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark Dubai and Switzerland. The study concludes that the eclectic theory (OLI paradigm) has successfully explained the international business activity of Blue Skies.Item The Effect Of Talent Management On Organizational And Employee Task Performance: Evidence From The Ghanaian Banking Industry(University of Ghana, 2021-07) AwadziABSTRACT The study broadly examines the effect of talent management practices on employee task performance and organisational performance in the Ghanaian banking industry. The research design adopted was the convergent parallel mixed-method research design. The survey sample size was 250 gathered from a self-administered structured questionnaire for the quantitative data and five interviewees using an interview guide for the qualitativedata. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the quantitative data and thematic data analysis was adopted to analyse the qualitative data of this study. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between talent management and organisational performance, and a meaningful relationship betweentalent management and task performance. In addition, the qualitative data analysed indicated that talent management impacts positively on task and organisational performance. These findings were discussed in relation to extant literature and conclusions were drawn. Recommendations were then made in relation to policy, practiceand areas for further research.Item The Impact Of Mental Health On Mineworkers’ Safety Behaviours: The Moderating Role Of Safety Climate(University Of Ghana, 2021-10) Amoako, E.K.Despite the heavy investment in health and safety, the Ghanaian mining industry continues to record a high number of accidents and workplace injuries. The cost of accident compensations coupled with the loss of productive work hours as well as work-related diseases emanating from accidents and injuries at the workplace are excruciating. Mine workers compliance with safety rules and regulations and the active participation in safety initiatives and activities which could be improved through a good safety climate and enhancing mine workers mental health will contribute to reducing workplace accidents and injuries. To this end, the current study investigates the impact of mental health (anxiety and depression) on employee safety behaviours (compliance and participation) whiles examining whether safety climate moderates the relationship between mental health and safety behaviours. Grounded in the social exchange theory, the study adopted a quantitative research approach with an explanatory cross-sectional survey research design. A total of two-hundred and seventy-four (274) mine workers purposively selected participated in the study. Responses were obtained from participants through a structured questionnaire which was analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modelling with smart PLS (v.3). The study found that anxiety had a significant negative effect on safety compliance but not participation. Depression was found to have a significant negative effect on mine workers safety compliance and participation behaviours. The findings of the study also show that safety climate moderates the relationships between the dimensions of mental health and mine workers safety behaviour except for the relationship between anxiety and mine workers safety participation behaviour. The study recommends the need for mining companies to develop industry-specific policies on mental health and employee’s assistance programs in mental health that will seek to identify and address mental health challenges among mine workers.Item Perceptions Of Organisational Politics And Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles Of Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment And Work Engagement(University Of Ghana, 2022-08) Asante, C.The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of perceptions of organisational politics (POP) on employees’ life satisfaction. Additionally, the study was aimed at examining whether job satisfaction, affective commitment, and work engagement mediated the relationship between POP and life satisfaction. This study adopted a quantitative approach and cross-sectional research design. Convenient sampling technique was utilised to draw a sample of 282 employees who work as senior administrators in two selected public universities in Ghana. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires were administered at two points in time (Time 1 and Time 2 questionnaires) to participants via a time interval of two weeks. Hypotheses were tested via structural equation modeling. Analyses revealed support for all the hypotheses. Specifically, the findings showed that POP was negatively influenced life satisfaction. Furthermore, POP predicted life satisfaction via affective commitment, work engagement, and job satisfaction. The study is important because it is the first to identify POP as an antecedent of life satisfaction. In addition, the findings of the study extend our knowledge on POP and life satisfaction thorough three mediating mechanisms. Management of universities can enhance employees’ work and non-work outcomes through practices that diminish POP. These practices may include providing a clear definition for performance appraisal guidelines to reduce ambiguity, and incentivizing team efforts rather than personal efforts.Item The Mediating Role of Leadership Style in Organisational Ethics and Workplace Incivility: Empirical Evidence from MTN Ghana(University of Ghana, 2021-09) Tabi, M.W.The purpose of the study was to examine relationships between leadership style, organisational ethics and workplace incivility amongst telecommunication workers in MTN Ghana. Specifically, the study explored the relationship between organisational ethics and workplace incivility. Also, the mediating effect of leadership style between organisational ethics and workplace incivility was assessed. Methodologically, the study was quantitative in nature. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data was collected from employees of MTN Ghana in Accra by means of a structured questionnaire. A sample of 209 respondents were conveniently drawn for the study. Results from structured equation model (SEM) analysis indicated that organisational ethics was significantly and positively related to workplace incivility. The study found that transformational leadership style did not mediate the relationship between organisational ethics and employee workplace incivility. However, transactional leadership partially mediated the relationship between organisational ethics and workplace incivility. It is recommended that management emphasize transactional leadership behaviours such as motivating workers through the use of rewards and also putting in place fair and appropriate measures in ensuring discipline among workers. This potentially could engender appropriate conduct among employees which may lower workplace incivility in the company.Item Corporate Social Responsibility, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Job Satisfaction of a Leading Hotel in Ghana(University of Ghana, 2020-07) Atua - Ntow, N.Y.O.This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), organisational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction in a leading hotel in Ghana. The study examines the nature and form of CSR practices of a hotel, the influence of employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility and organisational citizenship behaviour as well as the independent relationship between job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour. A Four-Star hotel in the heart of Accra was selected. Specifically, Marriott International Hotel, Accra was the organisation used for this study. The study employed the concurrent mixed-method approach to gather data at a point in time. Regression analysis was used in analysing the survey data of 162 respondents. Content analysis was also used in analysing the 2018 annual report of the hotel as well as the 2019 annual report of their corporate social responsibility program. Findings from the study showed that the CSR practices of the hotel were more economic in nature and it focused more on education and training. Results from the quantitative analysis showed that, employees had a positive perception of the hotel’s CSR practices. Further analysis showed that, employees’ perception of CSR practices influenced organisational citizenship behaviour. Specifically, economic CSR had the strongest predictor on organisational citizenship behaviour. Again, results from the independent relationship between organisational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction showed that, job satisfaction significantly predicted organisational citizenship behaviour. Given the findings, it was recommended that, the hotel should focus more on its philanthropic CSR practices to increase the pro-social behaviours of employees.Item Understanding the Dynamics of Teachers’ Quality and Students’ Acquisition of Quality Learning at the Basic School Level in the Accra Metropolis(University of Ghana, 2019-09) Addico, S.A.The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding as to how the inadequacy of quality trained teachers at the Junior High School Level in both public and private schools affects students’ acquisition of quality learning. Guided by literature on the dynamics of teachers’ quality and students’ acquisition of quality learning at the basic school, data was collected from forty-one basic school teachers in the Accra Metropolitan area using a self-administering questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis, nine best practices that guided the success of quality trained teachers and contributed to students’ achievement were identified. These included: completion of formal training in a recognized educational institution and also being certified to teach, having positive behavior and knowledge of the curricular, knowledge and skills through teacher professional development, better disposition and understanding of the subject matter, pedagogical orientation and teachers decisiveness in the classroom. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the success of quality trained teachers was guided by nine best practices that range from teacher certification to teacher decisiveness in the classroom. It is recommended that these identified nine best practices be documented and further developed by policy makers to enhance the quality of teaching and learning at the Junior High School level in both private and public schools.Item Examining Corporate Governance Practices among SMEs in Ghana: A Case Study of Some Selected SMEs in Accra(University Of Ghana, 2020-09) Neequaye, K.J.A.The subject Corporate Governance has been a topical agenda among SMEs in Ghana. Nonetheless, there has been less effort in ensuring that SMEs practice good corporate governance unlike the efforts being put in large firms. As a result of this, the research seeks to identify corporate governance practices among SMEs, their challenges and the benefits they derive from it. An interview guide was adopted to collect data from selected SMEs. The study revealed some constraints in their performance of corporate governance. Some of the challenges they faced were financial constraint, their inability to have the right professional mix on the board and management, inconsistency in the practice good governance in their operation as business and founders or entrepreneurs not giving their full attention to the businesses they've created because of their commitment in other businesses they are employed in. In assessing the challenges, relevant recommendations were suggested for three categories of people: Policy Makers, Shareholders, Executive and Non-Executive Directors. Some of the recommendation given are: to empower NBBSI to regulate and ensure SMEs practice good governance, government policies on corporate governance should be fine-tuned to suit SMEs, government should remove superfluous legal and regulatory limitations in the establishment of SMEs, and continues training for shareholders and directors, and finally adopting alternative ways of rewarding NEDs.Item The Impact of Workforce Diversity on Cross-Cultural Communication Competence and Task Performance of Employees in Multinational Companies in Ghana(University Of Ghana, 2020-06) Mensah, D.This study investigated the impact of workforce diversity on cross-cultural communication competence and task performance of employees in multinational companies (MNCs) in Ghana. The study employed mixed method approach. This includes the use of both quantitative and qualitative research method. Employees of some multinational companies took part in the survey as well as some managers were interviewed. 231 valid questionnaires were used for the quantitative survey analysis and 5 recorded and transcribed interviews were used for the qualitative analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the quantitative data to address the hypothesized relationships whilst thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study found that workforce diversity has a positive relationship with cross-cultural communication competence of employees in multinational companies in Ghana. The study further found that workforce diversity (age and gender) has an impact on task performance of employees while culture does not impact task performance of employees. The study found that the type of task given to employees also impact their task performance. This study concludes that workforce diversity has a positive impact on cross-cultural communication competence of employees and also has a relationship with task performance in the area of age and gender. However, culture does not have any relationship with task performance of employees. This research recommends that human resource managers develop diversity policies on how to manage diversity at the workplace and to develop cross-cultural communication competence of employees.