Department of Radiology

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    Navigating the challenging storms of cancer management in a national cancer centre: perspectives of female patients
    (BMC Public Health, 2024) Mensah, N.A.; Mensah, Y.B.; Dedey, F.
    Background Breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers are among the top ten global cancers, affecting women, with age-standardized rates per 100,000 being 47.8 for breast, 13.3 for cervical, and 6.6 for ovarian cancer. The journey from cancer symptoms, through diagnosis and treatment, to survivorship, presents numerous challenges. These challenges encompass physical, psychological, and social aspects, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. It is crucial for research to explore not only the challenges faced by patients but also the strategies they employ to cope with these obstacles. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional qualitative approach. Twenty respondents, aged between 15 and 45 years and had been diagnosed with a reproductive cancer (breast, ovarian, or cervical), and were either undergoing treatment or had completed treatment within one year of the study period were purposively selected. Respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. A thematic analysis was conducted on twenty in-depth interviews (IDIs) to understand the challenges and support systems for cancer patients. Results The study identified two principal themes: the challenges faced by patients and the available support systems. The findings are based on patient narratives regarding the obstacles encountered during diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, along with the mitigation strategies employed. Patients reported a range of challenges, categorized into financial and non-financial. Prominent among the non-financial challenges were psychological distress, body image issues, reduced sexual drive, and overall health deterioration. Support was primarily found through personal relationships and religious or spiritual beliefs. Conclusion The research highlights the extensive psychological and social effects of cancer and its treatment. The study revealed the intertwined nature of financial difficulties and non-financial challenges, emphasizing the importance of social support, including religious, family, healthcare, and peer support. The findings suggest that a comprehensive, multidisciplinary management plan which encompasses both medical and supportive care is required to enhance patient well-being
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    Stroke occurrence by hypertension treatment status in Ghana and Nigeria: A case-control study
    (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2024) Akpalu, A.; Sarfo, F.S.; Asowata, O.J.
    Background: Hypertension is preeminent among the vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence. The wide gaps in awareness, detection, treatment, and control rates of hypertension are fueling an epidemic of stroke in sub Saharan Africa. Purpose: To quantify the contribution of untreated, treated but uncontrolled, and controlled hypertension to stroke occurrence in Ghana and Nigeria.
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    Sporadic Class II Congenital humeroradial synostosis and Left Micromelia in a three-and-a-half-months female Ghanaian infant✩
    (Science Direct, 2024) Brakohiapa, E.K.; Segbefia, M.; Nimo, O.; et al.
    ongenital humeroradial synostosis (CHRS) is a rare musculoskeletal condition that signif icantly affects the mobility of the elbow joint. They occur in various types and forms de pending on the types and numbers of bones involved at the elbow. CHRS may present with elbow deformity and limitation of function. Appropriate timely diagnosis and counseling are required since CHRS is mostly managed conservatively according to literature and may prevent avoidable fractures of the radius from attempts by parents to straighten the flexed fixed elbow and finally offer adequate time for delayed surgical intervention which is usu ally ineffective and unhelpful.
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    Evaluation Of The Anatomical Locations And Sizes Of Uterine Fibroids From Ultrasound Examination In Ghana
    (African Health Sciences, 2023) Edzie, E.K.M.; Brakohiapa, E.K.; Dzefi-Tettey, K.; et al.
    Background: Uterine fibroids locations and sizes have significant influences on the quality of life of women, especially pregnant women, and on the live birth rate. Objectives: To determine the anatomical locations and sizes of uterine fibroids and assess any possible associations with age groups. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the locations and sizes of a total of 3,542 patients who were ultrasonographically diagnosed with uterine fibroids from January 2019 to December 2021. The obtained data were analysed using GNU PSPP, and Python on Jupyter Notebook with a statistical significance level set at p≤0.05. Results: The overall average diameter of uterine myoma was 5.50±2.60cm (95%CI=5.41–5.58, range=1.00cm–19.10cm) and the respective mean diameter of intramural, subserosal and submucosal fibroids were 5.53±2.60cm (95%CI=5.44–5.62), 5.50±2.27cm (95%CI=5.27–5.74) and 5.82±2.77cm (95%CI=5.49–6.14). Most of the fibroid nodules were small (48.36%, n = 1713), and only 5.84% (n = 207) were large (>10cm). Posterofundal fibroids and lower anterior myomas were mostly seen in the 35-44-year-old age class. Conclusion: The majority of the uterine fibroids were intramural and were mostly at the anterior uterine wall. The submucosal fibroids, even though the rarest, were averagely larger than the other types of uterine myomas. The diameter of uterine fibroids increased with age.
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    Incidental ultrasound finding of cholelithiasis in an 8-week-old infant: A case report
    (Radiology Case Reports, 2023) Brakohiapa, E.K.K.; Brown, W.; Edzie, E.K.M.; et al.
    Infantile cholelithiasis is a rare occurrence. It is often diagnosed incidentally during ultrasonography for other conditions as most cases are asymptomatic and may be self-limiting. A few cases may however present with prolonged neonatal or infantile jaundice. We report our initial experience with an incidental case of infantile cholelithiasis in an 8-week-old male infant who was brought to our ultrasound unit in Accra, Ghana, for an abdominal ultrasound on account of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and pigmented stools. The patient had presented initially at the children’s emergency unit of the Korle-Bu Teach ing Hospital, 2 days after an uneventful delivery, with a history of yellowing of the eyes, noticed on the first day of life, which necessitated the request for the ultrasound examination, leading to this rare finding of infantile cholelithiasis. The availability and use of modern sonographic equipment are likely to result in more effective detection of this incidental finding and its subsequent management.
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    Multiple bladder calculi after radical prostatectomy due to bladder neck stenosis in a patient with hypertrophic scar: A case report RSS
    (International Journal of surgery case reports, 2023) Kyei, M.Y.; Nyinah, M.A.; Ayamba, A.; et al.
    Introduction and importance Bladder calculi after radical prostatectomy is rare and usually associated with migrated clips into the bladder forming a nidus. We present a patient with multiple bladder calculi resulting from bladder neck stenosis after radical prostatectomy causing bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. He had an associated hypertrophic scar. Case presentation A 60-year-old man of African ancestry presented with recent onset of irritative urinary symptoms three years after radical prostatectomy. Abdomen pelvic ultrasound and pelvic X-ray revealed a urinary bladder calculus. Examination of the previous radical prostatectomy scar found him to have a hypertrophic scar. He had urethroscopy with bladder neck incision for bladder neck stenosis and cystolithotomy with resolution of the symptoms. Clinical discussion The presentation was that of dysuria and frequency three years after radical prostatectomy. The cause of the symptoms was diagnosed after an abdomen pelvic ultrasound and pelvic X-ray as multiple bladder calculi. This is a rare finding with the few reported cases associated with clips that migrated to the urinary bladder forming a nidus for the calculi. This was of consideration in the case presented, however, the findings at urethroscopy revealed bladder neck stenosis suggesting stasis as possible cause of the bladder calculi. The symptoms resolved after bladder neck incision and cystolithotomy. Conclusion In addition to clips forming a nidus for calculi in the urinary bladder after radical prostatectomy, bladder neck stenosis being the cause of urinary bladder calculi should be considered in a patient with hypertrophic scar.
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    Giant pericardial cyst, an unusual cause of right heart failure in an elderly patient with tuberculosis and HIV: A case report
    (Radiology Case Reports, 2023) Labi, J.; Ibrahim, E.-U.; Anim, D.A.; Sereboe, L.A.
    Pericardial cysts are rare mediastinal masses commonly asymptomatic and incidentally found on chest radiographs. Pericardial cysts may be acquired/inflammatory in origin and may be symptomatic. We present a case of 65-year-old male who presented with symptoms of right heart failure. Diagnosis of a giant pericardial cyst was made using imaging modalities such as chest X-ray, computed tomography scan, and echocardiography. Percutaneous cyst aspiration was done under echocardiography guidance. Radiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons need to understand the pathology of inflammatory/acquired pericardial cysts to include in their differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses.
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    Unilateral congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis in a 4-year-old boy: A case report
    (Radiology Case Reports, 2023) Edzie, E.K.M.; Dzefi-Tettey, K.; Brakohiapa, E.K.; Amankwa, N.A.; et al
    Congenital radioulnar synostosis is a rare musculoskeletal disorder of the elbow, occurring as a result of variable degree and length of the congenital fusion of the proximal radioulnar joint. Patients presents early to the hospital depending on the severity of the synostosis and its effect on elbow function. It may have psychosocial effects on the affected individuals as they grow older especially when the deformity is dramatic. Treatment may be conservative, surgical (which may have a variable degree of success) and psychotherapy
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    Unintentionally retained pelvic drainage tube found on Imaging; A case report
    (University of Washington., 2022) Dzefi-Tettey, K.; Edzie, E.K.M.; Brakohiapa, E.K.K.; Nyamuame, E.S.A.; Agyeman, N.Y.F.; Coleman, J.
    a b s t r a c t A retained drainage tube after surgery is rare and patients may be asymptomatic if it occurs. The presence of a retained drainage tube may be first recognized on imaging and this re- quires a high index of suspicion by radiologists. In this case report, we described an incidental finding of an asymptomatic retained fractured drainage tube in the pelvis of a 32-year-old female on ultrasonography for renal evaluation. This highlighted the need for radiologists to have a high index of suspicion when performing ultrasonography on postoperative patients and surgeons should be meticulous when removing drainage tubes postsurgery. The possibility of a foreign body should be considered when unfamiliar findings are encountered on imaging. Surgeons should inspect drainage tubes after removal to ensure the full length of the tube is removed.
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    Pattern of chest computerized tomography scan findings in symptomatic RT-PCR positive Covid-19 patients at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
    (African Health Sciences, 2022) Dzefi-Tettey, K.; Edzie, E.K.M.; Gorleku, P.N.; Brakohiapa, E.K.; Acheampong, F.; et al.
    Abstract Background: Chest Computerized Tomography (CT) features of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia are nonspecific, variable and sensitive in detecting early lung disease. Hence its usefulness in triaging in resource-limited regions. Objectives: To assess the pattern of chest CT scan findings of symptomatic COVID-19 patients confirmed by a positive RTPCR in Ghana. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed chest CT images of 145 symptomatic RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients examined at the Radiology Department of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) from 8th April to 30th November 2020. Chi-Squared test was used to determine associations among variables. Statistical significance was specified at p≤0.05. Results: Males represent 73(50.3%). The mean age was 54.15±18.09 years. The age range was 5 months-90 years. Consolidation 88(60.7%), ground glass opacities (GGO) 78(53.8%) and crazy paving 43(29.7%) were the most predominant features. These features were most frequent in the elderly (≥65years). Posterobasal, peripheral and multilobe disease were found bilaterally. The most common comorbidities were hypertension 72(49.7%) and diabetes mellitus 42(29.2%) which had significant association with lobar involvement above 50%. Conclusion: The most predominant Chest CT scan features of COVID-19 pneumonia were GGO, consolidation with air bronchograms, crazy paving, and bilateral multilobe lung disease in peripheral and posterior basal distribution.