Department of Orthodontics and Paedodontics
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Item Residency training in Ghana: the residents' perspective(Ghana medical journal, 2019-03-01) Newman-Nartey, M.A.; Nartey, N.O.; Amoah, K.G.; Buckman, V.A.; Ndanu, T.A.; Achempong, A.O.T.Background: Prior to 1973, West African citizens completed postgraduate medical and surgical training abroad, particularly in the United Kingdom. In 2003, the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons were established respectively and began to offer specialized training locally. The aim of this study was to obtain and evaluate the views of Medical and Surgical Residents of the GCPS on their training in Ghana. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken whereby a 25 item, self-administered questionnaire, was distributed to 170 residents of Korle Bu and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospitals in Ghana. Information regarding the residents’ sociodemographic characteristics, level of residency, and satisfaction with the programs in terms of clinical supervision, didactic teaching, program duration and research training was collected. Results: 117 residents completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 68.8%. 59.8% were males and 40.2% females. The age of the residents ranged from 25 to 40 years with a mean age of 32.7+1.4 years. Majority of residents (92.3%) were satisfied with the duration of the programs . Slightly more than half of the residents (50.4%) were satisfied with the clinical supervision, however only a third of the respondents (33.3%) were satisfied with the didactic teaching and an even smaller percentage (17.1%) with research training. Conclusion: Whilst majority of residents were satisfied with the duration of the residency program, the perspective of the respondents was that trainees would benefit from additional didactic teaching and increased research exposure.Item The Orthodontic Management of an Adult with Sickle Cell Disease(Ghana medical journal, 2015-09) Amoah, K.G.; Newman-Nartey, M.; Ekem, I.Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by abnormally shaped red cells. SCD frequently exhibits multisystemic manifestations including oral and craniofacial disorders. Craniofacial features such as maxillary protrusion and more forward growth of the mandible with significantly retruded maxillary and mandibular incisors are common. When a patient with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) needs orthodontic treatment, it is important for the practitioner involved to know about the disease and the respective treatment because of the importance of complete blood supply after application of intraoral and extraoral forces. This article describes a sickle cell HbSS patient with orthodontic problems and how she was successfully managed at the University of Ghana Dental School. (PDF) The Orthodontic Management of an Adult with Sickle Cell Disease. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284762212_The_Orthodontic_Management_of_an_Adult_with_Sickle_Cell_Disease [accessed Sep 14 2018].Item Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Isolates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from Ghanaian Adolescents and Association with Serotype and Disease Progression(Public Library of Science, 2013) Höglund Ã…berg, C.; Antonoglou, G.; Haubek, D.; Kwamin, F.; Claesson, R.; Johansson, A.Background and Objectives:The cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is a highly conserved exotoxin that are produced by a number of Gram negative bacteria, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and affects mammalian cells by inhibiting cell division and causing apoptosis. A complete cdt-operon is present in the majority of A. actinomycetemcomitans, but the proportion of isolates that lack cdt-encoding genes (A, B and C) varies according to the population studied. The objectives of this study were to examine serotype, Cdt-genotype, and Cdt-activity in isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans collected from an adolescent West African population and to examine the association between the carrier status of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the progression of attachment loss (AL).Materials and Methods:A total of 249 A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from 200 Ghanaian adolescents were examined for serotype and cdt-genotype by PCR. The activity of the Cdt-toxin was examined by DNA-staining of exposed cultured cells and documented with flow cytometry. The periodontal status of the participants was examined at baseline and at a two-year follow-up.Results:Presence of all three cdt-encoding genes was detected in 79% of the examined A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. All these isolates showed a substantial Cdt-activity. The two different cdt-genotypes (with and without presence of all three cdt-encoding genes) showed a serotype-dependent distribution pattern. Presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly associated with progression of AL (OR = 5.126; 95% CI = [2.994-8.779], p<0.001).Conclusion:A. actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the Ghanaian adolescents showed a distribution of serotype and cdt-genotype in line with results based on other previously studied populations. Presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly associated with disease progression, in particular the b serotype, whereas the association with disease progression was not particularly related to cdt-genotype, and Cdt-activity.Item Brief chewing of Garcinia manii stick reverses reduced saliva pH after a glucose rinse(Medical Science Monitor, 2002) Addai, F.K.; Nuamah, I.K.; Parkins, G.E.BACKGROUND: A popular variety of wood, pieces of which are chewed as an oral hygiene practice in Southern Ghana, was tested for its capacity to reverse experimentally lowered pH of saliva. This was done to determine whether (Garcinia manii) stick-chewing neutralizes acidogenic challenge to teeth, and thereby potentially affords dental caries prevention benefit. MATERIAL/METHODS: Seventy-two volunteer medical students gave (baseline) saliva samples by spitting 3-4 times into a 25 ml conical flask. They then rinsed their mouths with a five-percent aqueous solution of glucose. Subsequent to the glucose rinse, half of the subjects (chewers), pre-selected by drawing lots, chewed a popular chewing stick Garcinia manii for five minutes, while the other half (controls) did not. The pH of saliva samples given by the volunteers at various time intervals was measured using a Kent EIL 7020 pH meter, and the results were analysed by the Analysis of Variance (Anova) method. RESULTS: As expected, saliva pH was reduced in both groups after the glucose rinse, but increased significantly faster in stick chewers compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested from this study that brief (Garcina manii) stick-chewing confers a caries prevention/control benefit by reversing acidogenic challenge to teeth.