Department of Computer Engineering
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Item Maximum Power Point Tracking in Power System Control Using Reservoir Computing(Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022) Seddoh, M.A.; Sowah, R.A.; Sackey, D.M.; et al.This article deals with an innovative approach to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in power systems using the reservoir computing (RC) technique. Even though extensive studies have been conducted on MPPT to improve solar PV systems efficiency, there is still considerable room for improvement. The methodology consisted in modeling and programming with MATLAB software, the reservoir computing paradigm, which is a form of recurrent neural network. The performances of the RC algorithm was compared to two well-known methods of maximum power point tracking: perturbed and observed (P&O) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Power, voltage, current, and temperature characteristics were assessed, plotted, and compared. It was established that the RC-MPPT provided better performances than P&O-MPPT and ANN-MPPT from the perspective of training and testing MSE, rapid convergence, and accuracy of tracking. These findings suggest the need for rapid implementation of the proposed RC-MPPT algorithm on microcontroller chips for their widespread use and adoption globallyItem Vulnerability Analysis of Online Banking Sites to Cross-Site Scripting and Request Forgery Attacks: A Case Study in East Africa(IEEE 8th International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, 2021) Buah, G.; Memusi, S.; Sowah, R.A.; et al.Web applications are prone to several attacks. Two common threats are cross-site scripting attacks and cross site request forgery. With internet banking becoming more popular in East Africa, the level of security that online banking services offer has become an increasing concern. This paper presents an analysis of the safety of these applications used by many unsuspecting customers seeking convenience and determines ways to detect and prevent these attacks from taking place. We assumed that if people with a technical background in IT and information security are vulnerable to CSRF and XSS attacks, the public would be even more vulnerable. Out of 96 users, 35 answered our survey, 53.1% of the respondents said they do not check the URLs of online banking websites they visit to ensure they are not on a phishing site. Secondly, only 36.4% of users considered the security implications of clicking on links in emails or even on banking websites all the time. Based on the interviews done, testing and analysis conducted, there is a clear indication that Internet banking users are vulnerable to XSS and CSRF. Notably, close to 50 % of the Internet banking users we interviewed reported that they do not receive ample tips from the banks regarding security issues to look out for when transacting online. The findings from this research help make recommendations to banks and users to ensure that future online banking transactions are done more securely.Item Think to Speak - A Piezoelectric-EEG system for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) using Recurrent Neural Networks(EEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2019) Sowah, R.; Friedman, R.; Ofoli, A.R.; Sarkodie-Mensah, B.The collection of individuals with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI), is the target audience for the Think to Speak Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system. The slow communication rate of AACs accessible to the target audience renders them undesirable, exhausting to operate, and a barrier to social and economic inclusion. This research synergizes the use of Electroencephalography (EEG) and high sensitivity piezoelectric sensor readings with a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM RNN) to create a physically accessible AAC with performance comparable to 7.8 characters per minute communication rate. Since self-expression is inextricably linked with physical, mental, and emotional health, this research is of great significance to the estimated one percent of the global population with complex communication needs.Item : Public Wi-Fi Set-Up to Complement Existing Campus Internet Access Provided by the University of Ghana(Newswood Limited, 2023) Aboagye, I.A.; Boadu, E.O.; Wiafe, O-B.; et al.Public Wi-Fi can be found in public places such as airports, coffee shops, University campuses, etc. The ease with which people can access the internet using public Wi-Fi is comparatively the preferred internet access technology and provides comfort to many of its users. The major issues that characterize the public Wi-Fi networks at the University of Ghana especially the School of Engineering Sciences are slow internet speeds, low bandwidth, and weak Wi-Fi signals. Wi-Fi accessibility during peak hours for serious academic work has always been a problem. There is therefore the need to provide improved wireless communication technology with improved internet speeds, higher bandwidths, and stronger signals to complement the Wi-Fi services provided by the University of Ghana. To achieve this, a Wi-Fi network was implemented to provide an alternative to the existing campus Wi-Fi. This was done using fiber optics backhaul, two Altai super Wi-Fi access points (antennas), and a Mikrotik 8 port router. The results showed a significant improvement in performance as compared to the Wi-Fi services provided by the University in terms of strength, signal bandwidth, upload, and download speeds respectively. This will help students and lecturers at the University to conduct their research work smoothly without any disruptions. © 2023 Newswood Limited. All rights reserved.Item Mechanical vibration monitoring system for electrocardiogram machine based on Hilbert-Huang transformations(The Journal of Engineering, 2022) Yongbo, Z.; Lijun, X.; Abubakari, I.S.The monitoring of health and the technologies that are related to it are an exciting area of research. The paper proposes a mechanical manufacturing vibration monitoring system that is based on Hilbert-Huang transformation (HHT) feature extraction to monitor the running state of the spindle of a mechanical numerical control (NC) machine tool of an electrocardiogram (ECG) machine. Real-time monitoring of the time–frequency characteristic quantity of the spindle vibration signal for ECG signals has been made possible due to the online empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, which is used to obtain the time–frequency characteristic quantity of the spindle vibration signal based on HHT. The experiment shows that the frequency doubling characteristic components in the time– frequency distribution are obvious in the time interval without copper rod contact, but they disappear in the time interval during which copper rods are in contact (0.3 1.1 s, 3 4s in the figure). It has been demonstrated that the system is capable of not only accurately monitoring the characteristic quantity in the frequency domain of the vibration signal produced by the NC machine tool spindle, but also of successfully implementing the monitoring of the time–frequency characteristic quantity in real time.Item Solar Powered Automatic Waste Management System using LoRaWAN(International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, 2022) Ansah, M.R.; Akansake, S.N.; Misbawu, A.Solid waste segregation is essential in waste management. This project seeks to present a method of separating four kinds of wastes; metal waste, plastic waste, solid wet waste and paper waste. A short message is sent using LoRaWAN technology to the waste collector alerting him on the status of the waste in the bin. The project has a front ultrasonic sensor which detects the presence of a person 40cm to the bin and then automatically opens the bin for the person to drop the waste. Three sensors made up of inductive and capacitive proximity sensor and a moisture sensor are employed in the dump tray to detect whether the waste is metal, paper or a wet substance and subsequently direct the waste to the appropriate bin. Four other ultrasonic sensors are fitted on top of each of the individual bins to determine the level of the waste in the bins. These four sensors are linked to the front sensor to automatically shut the bin to prevent further addition of waste. A 12volt 60watts solar panel is used to power the system through a lithium rechargeable battery. This project will go a long way to solve the waste challenges wwe have in schools, hotels, hospitals and churchesItem Optimal Location for Loss Reduction on A 7-Bus Bar Power Grid System by Capacitor Placement(International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, 2022) Misbawu, A.; Ansah, M.R.; Nchor, S.A.Reduction of power loss in transmission and distribution system is key to improve the efficiency of power system. This paper presents a method of minimizing the loss associated with the reactive component of the branch current by optimal placement of shunt capacitor on an IEEE seven Bus-bar system by Power-World Simulator. The project started by drawing the one-line diagram of the 7-bus power grid system with rated values suggested by the simulator tool. Upon completion, all the data regarding the Voltage per unit, mega volt-ampere reactive losses, megawatt and mega volt ampere at each buss were recorded. Analysis was done on the system using the power world simulator. From the simulation results, the original system recorded a low power factor of 0.79 and a mega volt-ampere reactive loss of eighteen percent (18%). After analyzing the system and installing the capacitor bank at the optimal location, the power factor improved to 0.98 and the system’s mega volt ampere reactive reduced to 6.4%. The optimal location for the capacitor bank was identified as the bus that injects more reactive power to the system. The bus also has a low voltage per unit value and high conductance as compared to all other buses.Item Risk assessment framework for cumulative effects (RAFCE)(Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2023) Antwi, E.K.; Boakye-Danquah, J.; Owusu-Banahene, W.Introduction: Regional environmental risk assessment is a practical approach to understanding and proactively addressing the cumulative effects of resource development in areas of regional importance. However, regional assessment is methodologically complex, and frameworks to identify and prioritize regional risk issues to guide effective management decisions are lacking. This research develops a risk and impacts-based cumulative effects assessment framework for scoping regional cumulative effects issues to guide present and future project and regional assessment. We operationalized the framework dubbed Risk Assessment Framework for Cumulative Effects (RAFCE) to assess the risks and impacts of proposed mining development in the Ring of Fire region of Northern Ontario, Canada. Methods: Methodologically, we built on existing studies to understand the key valued ecosystem components (VECs) impacted by mining; organized an expert Bowtie Risk Assessment Tool workshop and interviews to identify regional risks and define the VECs impacted by mining; and developed an impact prioritization model that helped quantify and prioritize impacts of mining. Results and Discussion: RAFCE enabled us to: a) identify drivers and impacts of cumulative effects and potential preventive and mitigation measures for effective cumulative effects management and b) describe, quantify, and rank the major impact and components of regional interest. Using RAFCE, we can identify and prioritize impacts that are cross-cutting, multisector-driven, synergistic, and relevant to a region, visualize and understand the risk management process, identify policy and management issues to prevent risks or mitigate impacts, and ultimately inform resource allocation for effective regional cumulative effects assessment outcomes. RAFCE is suitable for engaging diverse stakeholders in planning for regional cumulative effects assessment.Item Improved Multisignature Scheme for Authenticity of Digital Document in Digital Forensics Using Edward-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm(Security and Communication Networks, 2023) Shankar, G.; Ai-Farhani, L.H.; Samori, I.A.At the moment, digital documents are just as important as paper documents. As a result, authenticity is essential, especially in legal situations and digital forensics. As technology advances, these digital signature algorithms become weaker, necessitating the development of digital authentication schemes capable of withstanding current security threats. Tis study proposed a scheme based on an asymmetric key cryptosystem and the user’s biometric credentials to generate keys for digital signatures. A single document can be signed by multiple signatories at the same time under this scheme. Te primary goal of this article is to create a safe and cost-effective multigeniture scheme. To create keys for document signing and verification, the Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA), especially Ed25519, is employed. Te Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm is used with blockchain technology to sign crypto wallets. Te Python implementation of a scheme that enables platform independence. We performed performance, security, and comparative analysis to ensure maximum usability. The article’s main finding's are that the Ed25519 algorithm can be used in blockchain.Item Optimal sizing and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid solar PV/wind/diesel generator system(IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022) Tay, G.; Acakpovi, A.; Adjei, P.; Aggrey, G.K.; Sowah, R.; et al.Abstract. Hybrid power systems that combine wind and solar PV technology have been widely employed for power generation, particularly for electrification in remote and islanding locations, because they are more cost-effective and reliable than traditional power systems. This article intends to develop an environmentally friendly and cost-effective hybrid power system for selected critical loads in the Avuto community of Ghana. Following the acquisition of site data, a hybrid solar PV, wind, diesel generator, and converter analysis was conducted using HOMER software to establish the appropriate sizing of system components based on technical and economic parameters such as load served, annual electricity production, net present cost (NPC), emission, Operating cost, Fuel consumption and energy cost (COE). Based on the optimization computational results, it can be stated that the combination of system components, including solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and diesel generator, is a good fit for the application region and might be used for rural and island electrification in the future. The suggested energy system has an LCOE of 0.39 US$/kWh for the 1.08 US$/litre diesel fuel cost and a 3.33-year payback period, with 58.8 kW for PV, 7 units for 3 kW wind turbines, 10 kW for diesel generator, and 6.99 kW for the converter. In terms of emission reduction, the proposed case presented a 55% emission reduction from the base case scenario.