Department of Research, Education and Administration
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Item Intervention to improve adverse event reporting in the emergency department: Protocol of a systematic review and meta analysis(PLOS ONE, 2024) Poku, C.A.; Bayuo, J.; Kwashie, A.A.; Ofei, A.M.A.Background Adverse event reporting is crucial for improving patient safety and identifying areas for improvement in the emergency department. Many interventions have been employed in that regard, and have been found to increase adverse event reporting rates in various settings. All published research that studied the various interventions and their effectiveness on adverse event reporting in the Emergency Department will be reviewed in this paper. Methods CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Reviews Library, EMBASE, Scopus, OVID, Science Direct and Web of Science will all be searched. Studies published since January 2000 that investigated the interventions to improve adverse event reporting will be included. Two inde pendent reviewers will execute the selection and extraction process, and we will carry out a qualitative synthesis. A meta-analysis, if possible, will be undertaken. Discussion The present study will summarize interventions to improve adverse event reporting. It will also determine effective approaches to enhancing adverse event reporting in the emer gency department. The outcome of the study will provide novel dimensions into possible interventions to improve patient safety through adverse event reporting.Item Leadership Competencies Of First-Line Nurse Managers: A Quantitative Study(Leadership in Health Services, 2021) Paarima, Y.; Kwashie, A.A.; Asamani, J.A.; et al.Purpose: This paper aims to examine the leadership competencies of first-line nurse managers (FLNMs) at the unit level in the eastern region of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The paper has a quantitative cross-section design. Findings: Nurse managers exhibited a moderate level of knowledge and ability to apply leadership competencies. Gender, rank, qualification, professional experience, management experience and management training jointly predicted the leadership competencies of FLNMs [(R2 = 0.158, p = 0.016)]. However, only management training was a significant predictor in the model. Practical implications: inappropriate leadership competencies have severe consequences for patients and staff outcomes. This situation necessitates a call for a well-structured program for the appointment of FLNMs based on competencies. Originality/value: This study is the first in Ghana which we are aware of to examine the leadership competencies at the unit level that identify predictors of leadership competencies.Item Perceived organizational politics: Implications for nurses’ stress and job satisfaction(International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 2024) Paarima, Y.; Kisinna, A.A.; Ofei, A.M.A.Background: Perceived organizational politics is a common phenomenon in almost every organization and is associated with undesirable employee outcomes. Despite numerous studies on this important topic, studies describing the influence of perceived organizational politics on nurses’ outcomes (job satisfaction and stress) remain underinvestigated. This study examined the impact of perceived organizational politics on job satisfac tion and job stress among nurses. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design was used in this study. Two hundred and thirteen (213) nurses participated. Three standardized instruments were utilized: Perception of Organizational Politics, Job Satisfac tion Scale, and Job Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. Findings: Nurses perceived a high level of organizational politics. We identified a significant correlation between perceived organizational politics, job stress, and job satisfaction in nursing. The results showed nurses’ perception of organizational politics had a positive relationship with job stress and a negative relationship with job satisfaction. Managerial implication: Hospital management should reconsider the organizational, group, and individual situ ations that create perceived organizational politics to prevent any unnecessary political behaviors in the hospital. Also, strategies to enhance nursing management and healthcare provision should be directed at reducing the use of politics to promote self-interest. Originality/value: Our study provides a novel insight into the unexplored nature and impact of perceived orga nizational politics on nurses’ job satisfaction and stress in Ghana. It is the first research to investigate organi zational politics using nursing population in the Ghanaian context and makes significant contributions to theory and practice.Item Exploring the sources of stress among operating theatre nurses in a Ghanaian teaching hospital(International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 2023) Ackah, V.A.; Kwashie, A.A.Background: The nursing profession is heavily plagued with occupational stress. The stress nurses encounter in the clinical setting can result in physical, emotional, social and spiritual changes. In the operating theatre, nurses assist surgeons during surgery, observe the overall condition of patients and care for those at risk of developing a critical condition during surgery to prevent any complications from arising. An operating theatre work milieu is problematic in terms of patient safety and is closely associated with elevated stress. Aim: This study sought to explore events from outside and within the operating theatres of a teaching hospital in Ghana causing stress in the nurses. Methods: A sample of 12 operating theatre nurses was drawn from the Teaching Hospital using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide and the study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Analysis of data was carried out using thematic content analysis. Results: The study has shown that operating theatre nurses are faced with various stressors from time-to-time and the commonest and the most worrying are those related to their work. The major sources of stress such as work overload, staff shortage, and inadequate equipment and supplies to this group of professionals have been identified. Staff shortage, specifically operating theatre nurses has led to the nurses perceiving their workload as overwhelming. Conclusion: In the operating theatre, nurses assist surgeons during surgery, observe the overall condition of patients and care for those at risk of developing a critical condition during surgery to prevent any complications from arising. These put operating theatre nurses at risk of occupational stress. Therefore, there is the need to help create a more conducive environment for all operating theatre nurses to enhance their performances.Item Global acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among persons with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis(Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2023) Ekpor, E.; Akyirem, S.Aim: This review aimed to estimate the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among persons with diabetes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL to identify relevant studies for this review. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to generate an overall estimate of vaccine acceptance. The I 2 statistic was used to quantify the degree of variation across studies, and subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. The review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Results: This review included 18 studies involving 11,292 diabetes patients. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among persons with diabetes was 76.1% (95% CI: 66.7%–83.5%). The pooled prevalence across the continent ranged from 68.9% (95% CI: 47.8%–84.3%) in Asia to 82.1% (95% CI: 80.2%–83.8%) in Europe. Barriers to vaccine acceptance included misinformation, lack of information, mistrust, health concerns, and external influences. Conclusion: The barriers to vaccine acceptance identified in this review, could inform the formulation of health policies and public health interventions that are specifically tailored to address the needs of persons with diabetes.Item Type 2 diabetes stigma and its association with clinical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis(Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2023) Akyirem, S.; Ekpor, E.; Abwoye, D.N.; Batten, J.; Nelson, L.E.Aim: To synthesize quantitative research evidence on the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) stigma and psychological, behavioral, and clinical outcomes. Methods: We searched APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE through November 2022. Peer-reviewed observational studies examining the association between T2D stigma and psychological, behavioral, and/or clinical outcomes were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed with the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Correlation coefficients were pooled in random effect meta-analyses. Results: Our search produced 9642 citations, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Included articles were published between 2014 and 2022. We found a weak positive correlation between T2D stigma and HbA1C (r = 0.16, 95% CI:0.08 to 025, I 2 = 70%, N = 7 studies), a moderate positive correlation between T2D stigma and depressive symptoms (r = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.54, I 2 = 26.9%, n = 5 studies) and diabetes distress (r = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.72, I 2 = 96.9%, n = 7studies). Persons with T2D stigma who experienced stigma tended to have less engagement in diabetes self-management, though this association was weak (r = -0.17, 95% CI: − 0.25 to − 0.08, I 2 = 79.8%, n = 7studies). Conclusions: T2D stigma was associated with negative health outcomes. Further studies are required to disentangle the underlying causal mechanisms to inform the development of appropriate stigma-reduction interventions.Item Exploring the sources of stress among operating theatre nurses in a Ghanaian teaching hospital(International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 2023) Ackah, V.A.; Kwashie, A.A.Background: The nursing profession is heavily plagued with occupational stress. The stress nurses encounter in the clinical setting can result in physical, emotional, social and spiritual changes. In the operating theatre, nurses assist surgeons during surgery, observe the overall condition of patients and care for those at risk of developing a critical condition during surgery to prevent any complications from arising. An operating theatre work milieu is problematic in terms of patient safety and is closely associated with elevated stress. Aim: This study sought to explore events from outside and within the operating theatres of a teaching hospital in Ghana causing stress in the nurses. Methods: A sample of 12 operating theatre nurses was drawn from the Teaching Hospital using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide and the study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Analysis of data was carried out using thematic content analysis. Results: The study has shown that operating theatre nurses are faced with various stressors from time-to-time and the commonest and the most worrying are those related to their work. The major sources of stress such as work overload, staff shortage, and inadequate equipment and supplies to this group of professionals have been identified. Staff shortage, specifically operating theatre nurses has led to the nurses perceiving their workload as overwhelming. Conclusion: In the operating theatre, nurses assist surgeons during surgery, observe the overall condition of patients and care for those at risk of developing a critical condition during surgery to prevent any complications from arising. These put operating theatre nurses at risk of occupational stress. Therefore, there is the need to help create a more conducive environment for all operating theatre nurses to enhance their performances.Item Toxic leadership behaviour of nurse managers on perceived job satisfaction and productivity of nursing workforce in sub-Saharan Ghana: A multi-centre cross-sectional study(Wily, 2022) Ofei, A.M.A.; Paarima, Y.; Barnes, T.; Poku, C.A.Abstract Aim: This study aimed at assessing the nature and effect of toxic leadership of nurse managers on the perceived job satisfaction and productivity of the nursing workforce. Background: Nursing job outcomes such as job satisfaction and productivity are influenced by various factors in the nursing practice environment including leadership. Due to rising health care expenses and depleting material resources, the productivity of nurses that is expected to improve the efficiency of health care organizations is mostly low. Managers’ toxic behaviour towards nurses affects their job satisfaction and subsequently low productivity. Method: A multi-centre, cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Validated tools were used to collect data from participants, and data were analysed using descriptive, correlation, and hierarchical linear regressions. Results: Registered nurses appraised the leadership behaviour of nurse managers to be toxic, with most managers exhibiting narcissistic leadership behaviour. Though all the components of toxic leadership behaviour of manager and job satisfaction were associated with the perceived productivity of the nurses; only intemperate leadership behaviour of the managers (β = .301, p < .005), and job satisfaction (β = .296, p < .001) significantly predicted perceived productivity among nurses (R2 = .238, F(7, 922) = 41.088, p < .001). Conclusion: Nurse managers’ leadership behaviours were toxic. Nurses’ job satisfaction and all components of managers’ toxic leadership behaviour influenced productivity. Implications for Nursing Management: There should be a policy developed to guide the creation and maintenance of efficient nursing leadership to enhance job satisfaction and productivity among nurses.Item Exploring the planning practices of nurse managers in the unit: a study of nurse managers in the greater Accra region(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022) Ofei, A.M.A.; Parima, Y.; Achempim-Ansong, G.; Barnes, T.Purpose – Nurse managers’ planning practices are essential to the practice of management in the unit, and the overall efficiency of the healthcare service delivery. This study aims to explore the planning practices of nurse managers in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive phenomenological design was employed to explore nurse managers’ planning practices. In total, 15 nurse managers and 47 nurses from 19 primary and secondary hospitals of the Ghana Health Service and two specialized hospitals in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana, were involved in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and probes. Findings – The findings suggested that plans were widely common to all the units of the hospitals and were considered satisfactory by nursemanagers. However, most of these plans were not effectively utilized. Nurse managers had only fair knowledge about the planning process and were moderately involved and communicated ideas to colleagues in the process. Furthermore, nurse managers do not frequently share the vision neither do they even communicate expectations to achieve unit goals and objectives with subordinates. Originality/value – The research emphasizes the relevance of planning in healthcare management. It highlights the management practice of planning in the context of nurse managers and accentuates the values the healthcare system derives with effective planning practices.Item Leadership competencies of first-line nursemanagers: a quantitative study(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022) Paarima, Y.; Kwashie, A.A.; Asamani, J.A.; Ofei, A.M.A.Purpose – This paper aims to examine the leadership competencies of first-line nurse managers (FLNMs) at the unit level in the eastern region of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a quantitative cross-section design. Findings – Nurse managers exhibited a moderate level of knowledge and ability to apply leadership competencies. Gender, rank, qualification, professional experience, management experience and management training jointly predicted the leadership competencies of FLNMs [(R2 = 0.158, p = 0.016]. However, only management training was a significant predictor in the model. Practical implications – Inappropriate leadership competencies have severe consequences for patients and staff outcomes. This situation necessitates a call for a well-structured program for the appointment of FLNMs based on competencies. Originality/value – This study is the first in Ghana which we are aware of that examined the leadership competencies at the unit level that identifies predictors of leadership competencies.
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