Department of Anatomy
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Item Anatomage virtual dissection versus traditional human body dissection in anatomy pedagogy: insights from Ghanaian medical students(BMC Medical Education, 2024) Koney, N.K-K.; Ansah, A.O.; Abdul-Rahman, M.; et al.Background Although traditional human body dissection has been the mainstay method for gross anatomy pedagogy, the popularity of virtual teaching methods has increased in recent years. The Anatomage table offers a life size digital representation of the human body and allows visualization, manipulation, and virtual dissection. This study investigated the perception of medical students towards virtual dissection vis-à-vis traditional dissection in anatomy pedagogy. Methods The cross-sectional survey included medical students at the University of Ghana who completed an internet-based questionnaire administered using Google® Forms. The questionnaire comprised 20 close-ended questions that solicited information on demographics, experience with traditional human body dissection and virtual dissection, and perception of virtual dissection. Data was summarized as frequencies and percentages with 95% confidence intervals. Results Of the 297 participants, 295 [99.4% (95% CI=97.3–99.9)] participated in human body dissection from which 93.2% had a positive and 6.8% had poor experiences. Whereas 223 [75.1% (95% CI=69.7–79.8)] of the participants would participate in dissection again given the opportunity, 74 [24.9% (95% CI=20.2–30.3)] were unwilling. Of 297 participants, 205 [69.0% (95% CI=69.7–74.2)] had used Anatomage table, while 92 [31.0% (95% CI=25.8–36.6)] had not. About 68% (95% CI=60.8–74.0) of the 205 agreed with the relative ease of operation and use of the Anatomage table compared to traditional human body dissection while 9.4% disagreed. Inadequate operational skills [51% (95% CI=48.9–53.4)] and limited accessibility [39% (95% CI=35.2–42.3)] were limitations to Anatomage use. 66.8% (95% CI=59.9–73.1) of participants agreed virtual dissection had a positive influence on learning anatomy while 6.6% disagreed. Of the 205, 87.9% (95% CI=82.3–91.8) discouraged virtual anatomy dissection completely replacing traditional human body dissection. Conclusion Virtual dissection is an effective supplement to traditional body dissection but not a replacement. Its use alongside traditional methods improves anatomy learning. Integrating technology into anatomy education will enhance student engagement and learning.Item Transcriptional responses of cancer cells to heat shock-inducing stimuli involve amplification of robust HSF1 binding(Nature Communications, 2023) Dastidar, S.G.; Parrello, D.; Koney, N.K.K.; et al.Responses of cells to stimuli are increasingly discovered to involve the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors outside of known target genes. We wanted to determine to what extent the genome-wide binding and function of A transcription factor is shaped by the cell type versus the stimulus. To do so, we induced the Heat Shock Response pathway in two different cancer cell lines with two different stimuli and related the binding of its master regulator, HSF1 to nascent RNA and chromatin accessibility. Here, we show that HSF1 binding patterns retain their identity between basal conditions and under different magnitudes of activation, so that common HSF1 binding is globally associated with distinct transcription outcomes. HSF1-induced increase in DNA accessibility was modest in scale but occurred predominantly at remote genomic sites. Apart from regulating transcription at existing elements, including promoters and enhancers, HSF1 binding amplified during responses to stimuli may engage inactive chromatin.Item Digital-palmar dermatoglyphics characteristics of patients living with schizophrenia in Ghana(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Majeed, N.S.; Arko-Boham, B.; Fiagbe, D.K.; et al.ABSTRACT The World Health Organization has acknowledged the gap in schizophrenia diagnoses and recommended further research to identify tools and biomarkers for the disease’s early detection. Because the skin and brain have a common ectodermal origin, dermatoglyphics are hypothesized to serve as a potential mirror for the identification of risks and characteristics of neuropsychiatric diseases. This study aimed to determine the digito-palmar dermatoglyphic patterns of schizophrenia patients in Ghana. Digito-palmar dermatoglyphics were obtained using a digital scanner, and the details studied. Individuals living with schizophrenia in Ghana were significantly characterized by low odds of vestige pattern in the hypothenar region, low odds of palmar creases 300, and high and low odds of radial loop (RL) and plain arch (PA) respectively at the finger patterns relative to the control group [OR (95% CI): vestige, 0.2 (0.06–0.69), P = 0.01; palmar creases 300, 0.1 (0.01–0.99), P = 0.049; PA, 0.4 (0.3–0.7), P < 0.001; RL, 1.9 (1.0–3.7), P = 0.044]. Individuals with schizophrenia were also characterized by low mean left-hand a-b ridge count and mean right hand atd angle compared to controls. These differences could be explored as a potential biomarker in diagnosing and early detection of schizophrenia in Ghanaians.Item Preliminary Findings on Self-Reported Voice Disorders in Urban Ghana: A Qualitative Description Study(Communication Disorders Quarterly, 2020-04-24) Amponsah, C.; Tettevi, G.; Gomado, L.; Heitzman, A.; Ziegler, A.This preliminary qualitative description study explored knowledge from urban Ghanaians about the nature and impact of their self-reported voice problem. Ten Ghanaians were screened for a self-reported voice disorder using the Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI-10), and they also completed a structured interview with a speech-language therapist. Content analysis was completed from interview responses using quantification of data. Four out of 10 adult Ghanaians demonstrated high VHI-10 scores that indicated a self-reported voice disorder. Themes that emerged included a recurring problem with voice, multiple vocal impairments, limitations with participating in vocal activities, and other health problems. Lack of financial resources and little knowledge about voice disorders were barriers to accessing care. In summary, four adult Ghanaians with a self-reported voice disorder described multiple problems with their voice, limiting their participation in vocal activities. Implications of these preliminary findings include early identification and improving voice care access to avoid handicapping voice problems.Item Natural cocoa improves birth weight and viability of rabbit pups born to hypercholesterolemic mothers(Scientific African, 2020-02-21) Blay, R.M.; Arko-Boham, B.; Addai, F.K.Background: Maternal nutrition affects f etal growth and development in humans and ani- mals. Low birth weight can be caused by maternal hypercholesterolemia and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and other metabolic diseases later in adult life. Cocoa powder is rich in flavonoids and reduces plasma cholesterol levels. The study investigated the effect of hypercholesterolemia and natural cocoa intake during pregnancy on the birth weight and viability of rabbit pups. Methods: Hypercholesterolemic female New Zealand White rabbits were crossed with nor- mocholesterolemic males and randomly grouped into 2 ( n = 4 each). One group (HCC) received natural cocoa powder in their water in addition to high cholesterol diet during pregnancy, whereas the other (HC) received only water and high cholesterol diet. Litter size, birth weight and viability of pups were assessed and compared to a control group (NC) fed normal rabbit chow ( n = 2). Results: Average litter sizes of hypercholesterolemic rabbits (HC and HCC groups) were 3, whereas that of control group, NC was 5. Mean birth weight of pups was significantly lower in offspring of HC (42.73 g, SD 8.47) and HCC (50.0 g, SD 3.54) as compared to NC (73.0 g, SD 5.37). Mortality of offspring was highest in HC group (58.3%) as compared to 50% in HCC. Conclusions: Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy reduces litter size, birth weight and viability of offspring in rabbits and these deleterious effects may be minimized by regular intake of natural cocoa. Although further studies in humans need to be con- ducted, the results of this study suggest the need to monitor maternal cholesterol levels during pregnancy and the effects on pregnancy outcomes and health of offspring later in life.Item Laboratory Investigation of Suspected Cases of Chromosomal Abnormalities at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.(Ghana Medical Journal, 1989-09) Tagoe, C.N.B.; Sowah, E.T.; Ayettey, A.S.; Engmann, N.N.L.Results of cytogenetic analysis carried out on 434 patients referred with clinical history suggestive of chromosomal abnormality showed a frequency of 27.4% (119/434) Of this number (119), 66.4% (79/119) had trisomy 21, made up of 71 regular Mongols [47,XX(Y), + 21] and 8 mosaics [46/47,XX(Y, +211. There was a male/female ratio of 3:2. Of the remaining 40, five were trisomy 13 and five trisomy 1& 26 of these had sex chromosome abnormality, out of which twenty were of the Turner's syndrome, three of intersex, two 0/ Klinefelter's syndrome, and one 47XYY. Among the 20 Turner syndrome patients fourteen were mosaic (46,XX/45,XO) and five homogeneous (45,XO) .. one patient had the 46,XY/45,XO pattern. Four structural chromosomal abnormalities were found. They consisted one each of 46,XX,D-,t(DqGq) +, 46,XXI46,XX,20q-(Philadelphia chromosome), 46,xx,q- and 46,XX/46,XX, typesItem Comparative study of atrial granule concentration at the nuclear pole of atrial cells of the insect - eating bat P@istrellus Pipistrellus and the Wistar rat.(Ghana Medical Journal, 1990-06) Ocansey, P.; Ayettey, A.S.; Tagoe, C.N.B.Atrail myocardial cells of the rat and the rat have been compared in regard to number and cementation of atrial granules at the nuclear pole. Morphologically the granules appear' the same, being dense spherical and membrane bound. By morphometric measure, natriuretic material is higer in concentration in the rat than in the bat, the percentage volumes being 6.5 in the rat and 3.5 in the bat. This difference is statistically significant at P<0.003. Actual counts of granules at the nuclear pole showed that, on the average, cellls of the two species have equal numbers of granules. The finding of lower volume concentration of granule material in the bat which weighs much less (6gm) than the rat (I70gm) shows that there.is Not always an inverse relationship between granule concentration and animal size or weight as had been thought aggregation of nuclear material was observed at the nuclear pole in a number of atrial cells of the bat the significance of this unusual finding is not clearItem Some Clinical Aspects(Ghana Medical Journal, 1965-09) Quartey, J.K.M.Item Preliminary report on clinical studies in young Ghanaians with Schistosorna haematobium infection with special reference to pyelographic and cystoscopic abnormalities(Ghana Medical Journal, 1963) Quartey, J.K.M.; Wolfe, M.S.Item A case of contracted bladder associated with chronic tuberculous peritonitis and treated by ileocystoplasty(Ghana Medical Journal, 1963) Quartey, J.K.M.