Regional Institute for Population Studies
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Item Women’s post-abortion contraceptive use: are predictors the same for immediate and future use?(University of Ghana, 2020-03-05) Kayi, E.; Biney, A.This study sought to identify the socio-demographic, reproductive, partner-related and facility-level characteristics which are associated with immediate and subsequent uptake of post-abortion contraception. The study used the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey (GMHS) data which comprised 1,383 women who had an abortion within the five years preceding the survey. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between the predictor variables and outcome variables, both immediate and subsequent contraceptive use. The findings indicate that age, type of place of residence, and health provider’s pre- or post-abortion family planning counselling were significantly associated with both immediate and subsequent use of modern contraception. Compared to women had induced abortion service provision from health professionals, women who had their abortion from non-health professionals were twice as likely to use contraception immediately post-abortion. Among subsequent contraception users, the predictors included marital status, contraceptive use at index pregnancy, and place where abortion was performed. Partner-related characteristics were not significantly associated with both immediate and subsequent contraceptive use. The study findings are relevant and informative for designing target interventions to facilitate contraception use among young post-abortion women. Expanding access to and availability of post-abortion family planning counselling and services, in addition to the availability of a variety of modern contraceptives, is key to increasing the contraceptive prevalence rate among post-abortion womenItem The Role of Mobile Phones in the Social Lives of Informal Micro-Women Traders in Accra(University of Ghana, 2019-10-17) Ussher, Y.This article explores the functional role of mobile phones in livelihood development of Ghanaian women in the informal economy. With a qualitative approach and the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) providing a guide to the study, women micro-traders in four markets were interviewed to ascertain the spill over effects of mobile phones in trading onto in their social lives. The findings of the study showed that the integration of mobile phones into trading activities reduced transaction and transportation cost as well as wastage which in turn led to earning of better incomes. With such better incomes the livelihood outcomes of these traders have improved as they have become financially empowered to the extent of becoming sole breadwinners of their families and households, gain recognitions in the groups/associations they belong to and enhanced their socio-economic status. Such financial empowerment has changed the previous traditional trend of men being financially in charge of their families and households. Mobile phone, as livelihood asset (physical asset) has therefore led to better livelihood outcomes through the livelihood strategies, (i.e. market trade) these women traders involved in. With good livelihood outcomes, these women have overcome vulnerabilities and marginalisation in the Ghanaian economyItem Flux and strain in marriage contraction: The changing face of bridewealth in contemporary Ghana(University of Ghana, 2019-10-03) Dodoo, N.D.: Despite many changes in African societal structures, bridewealth still occupies a central role in contracting marriages. In Ghana, among married women aged 15 to 49, a nationally representative survey in 2014 reported that 82% were in marriages that involved bridewealth. I use semi-structured in-depth interviews with traditional rulers and community leaders in Ghana to examine the current role of bridewealth in marriage and the implications of changes in the practice of bridewealth for unions. The results reveal that social, cultural, and economic changes have led to a breakdown of norms surrounding marriage contraction and the marriage process being more expensive than it was in the past. These have given the leeway for women to contribute to the bridewealth payment, leading to a shift in the power base of marriage, which may lead to marital conflict and instability. It is suggested that the role of love in modern marriages is explored and men are engaged in the process of developing healthy masculinities as avenues to counter the effects of these changes in contracting marriageItem Community perceptions on sexual activity and stroke(University of Ghana, 2019-09-19) Sanuade, O.Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana and sometimes comes with multifaceted complications including sexual dysfunction. While evidence is clear that living with stroke can result in sexual dysfunction, there are contradictory views regarding the causal association between sexual activity and stroke. This study explores perceptions of Ghanaian local communities on the role of sexual activity on stroke causation. This was a cross-sectional qualitative study. Thirty (30) focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in five communities across Ghana (Ga Mashie, Tafo, Gyegyeano, Chanshegu and Agorve) between October and November 2017. Data were analysed through a thematic approach. Participants generally believed that sexual activity can cause a stroke. They mentioned that the dynamics through which sex can trigger a stroke include sex positions (i.e. having sex while standing and on the floor), high frequency of sex, having sex when older and engaging in indiscriminate sex. This study shows the need to pay critical attention to these community perceptions when developing intervention strategies for stroke in Ghana. This study also highlights that discussion about sexual activity in Ghana is more complex than the current health education programme allows, and so demands a ‘comprehensive sex education approach’ rather than a ‘disease-centered approach’.Item Postpartum and Post-abortion Contraception and Sexual Inactivity among Single Adolescent and Young Adult Females in Ghana(University of Ghana, 2019-04-25) Atiglo, Y.This study assesses the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy-preventive behaviours among unmarried young women intending to delay childbearing. Using data from the 2014 Ghana DHS among 1,118 single women aged 15–24 years, the study assessed how childbirth and abortion are related with sexual inactivity and use of modern contraception. Postpartum women were thrice as likely as nulligravid women and twice as likely as post-abortion women to use contraceptives. Post-abortion women were least likely to be sexually inactive. Duration of sexual experience was positively associated with the likelihood of a met need, particularly among the postpartum, and negatively associated with sexual inactivity among the ever-aborted. Prior pregnancy outcomes have significant implications for secondary abstinence and contraceptive use among unmarried young women. Efforts must be strengthened towards increasing access to modern contraceptives for young women who present for abortions in GhanaItem Contraceptive Use and Method Mix Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa(University of Ghana, 2019-02-14) Bawah, A.Method mix refers to the distribution of contraceptive use among the sexually active population. The subject of contraceptive method mix has become of specific importance because it provides perspectives on both the demand and supply side determinants of contraceptive prevalence. This paper proposes to conduct extensive analysis of trends in contraceptive use and method mix dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. The study examines how contraceptive method mix dynamics have changed over time, assesses trends by marital status, and investigates determinants of method choice and their changes over time. Preliminary findings and their implications are discussed.Item 'A War Remembered: Biafra at 50'(2018-03-29) Phillips, J.F.; Bawah, A.By some estimates, the Nigerian Civil War was the greatest catastrophe ever to have occurred in Africa. Over the June, 1967 to January, 1970 period, the conflict may have claimed as many as two million lives. This presentation will be delivered by a former relief officer of the International Committee of the Red Cross who participated in the Biafra relief action over the May to October, 1969 period as an entry-level logistics worker, and from November 1969 to July 1970 as a “UN Forward Observer” assigned to the Third Division of the Nigerian Army. The presentation outlines causes and consequences of the conflict, procedures followed by the relief action, and examples of strategies that failed to have their intended impact. Lessons from Biafra attest to the value of implementation science in crisis situations. Ghana’s humanitarian diplomacy prior to the conflict will be reviewed.Item Orthomolecular Medicine and Biochemical Basis of Health(2018-02-22) Olu-Sawyerr, E.; Biney, A.Dr. Olu-Sawyerr has specialised in the treatment of chronic/degenerative diseases, including cancer and infertility, and success rate in all cases is remarkably high. This seminar will focus on a discussion about his use of orthomolecular medicine as the best means to improving and sustaining one's healthItem Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) as a Gateway to Reducing Maternal and Child Mortality in Rural Ghana - A Community-level Analysis(2017-11-09) Wright, K.Institutional maternal mortality in Ghana has decreased between 1990 and 2010, by a narrow margin of 216 to 164 deaths per 100,000 live births. Continued focused intervention is essential to accelerate the rate of decline. Contributing factors of this trajectory have been attributed to sustainability of quality access to care and infrastructure, workforce availability, and leadership stability. Strengthening of community-based primary health services such as, Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) aims to reduce mortality by removing financial barriers and improving quality access to care. While quantitative data is essential, studies often overlook the community level impact of health systems. Transcripts from qualitative group discussions within 8 communities- functional and non-functional CHPS zones- in the Northern and Volta regions of Ghana (2017), were analyzed to critically assess communities’ experiences with community health services and their vital role in improving health outcomes, and reducing maternal and child mortality in the region.Item Estimating the Cost of Primary Healthcare Delivery in Ghana: Evidence from a Three-year Study of Seven Districts in Northern Ghana(2017-11-09) Kanmiki, E.Background: Over the past two decades, Ghana has developed a comprehensive community-based primary healthcare services program as its flagship strategy for achieving universal access to healthcare. However, there is paucity of knowledge on the cost burden of delivering these services so as to enhance efficient allocation of resources, planning, budgeting and forecasting. This paper provides a cost analysis of primary healthcare services in seven rural districts of northern Ghana. Methods: Cost data form public primary healthcare facilities from seven districts in the Upper East region of Ghana were systematically collected over a three-year period. Adapting five health system building blocks as analytical cost components, we computed the unit cost, total cost and per capita cost of primary healthcare service delivery. Results of both financial and economic cost are presented. Internally generated funds and the quantum of cost recovered over the study period were also examined. Results: The financial cost of primary healthcare delivery was ~$11 per capita and that of economic cost was ~$10 per capita per year. There was not much difference in per capita cost over the three-year study period. Human resource was the highest cost component accounting for about 77% of cost, followed by medicines (13.4%), service delivery (8.0%), leadership (0.9%) and health information cost (0.6%). Only 23% of cost was recovered through internally generated funds. Conclusion: The per capita cost of delivering community-based primary healthcare services in Ghana is substantially low. Human resource is the highest cost component of primary healthcare delivery in Ghana. Internally generated funds amounted to only a small fraction relative to cost incurred. This raises issues of self-sustainability and depicts the continuous huge dependence on government and external donor support.