Forest and Horticultural Crop Research Centre

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    First record of the occurrence of cassava mosaic begomovirus-associated satellites on cassava in Ghana
    (University of Ghana, 2020-03-03) Nisah, S.A.; Tokpor, S.K.; Owusu, S.; Owusu, B.O.; Amponsah, E.; Arhin, C.D.; Offei, S.K.
    Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), arguably the most important viral disease of cassava, an important food security crop has in recent times been reported to be associated with satellites in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the status of cassava mosaic begomovirus and associated satellites in CMD-affected cassava plants in Ghana using species specific primers in polymerase chain reaction. In all, 110 CMD-affected cassava leaf samples were collected along some selected routes in the southern parts of the Country. Africa cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) was detected in 107 (97%) cassava leaf samples, out of which 74 (69 %) was in mixed infections East Africa cassava mosaic virus-Cameroon (EACMV-CM). EACMV (CM) alone was detected in 3 (3%) cassava leaf samples. Out of the 110 cassava leaf samples affected by cassava mosaic begomoviruses, satIII was present in 73 (66%) of the cassava leaf samples whereas 47 (43%) sample tested positive for satII. Detection of CMB-associated satellites in Ghana is to the best of our knowledge the first in the country and possibly in West Africa, and has serious epidemiological implications on the management of CMD therefore requiring further studies and concerted efforts to safeguard cassava production
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    What is killing them? The use of some selected Ghanaian plants used to control Coelaenomenodera lamensisBerti and Mariau (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) in Ghana.
    (2019-03-18) Buxton, T.
    The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lamensis Berti and Mariau (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) is the most important pest of oil palm endemic to West Africa. The use of synthetic insecticides has been employed in controlling the pest, although it poses a major threat to the environment and human health. Recently the use of natural products from plants as insecticides has been practiced widely in agricultural production. In a study for a more environmentally safe insecticide, we found that the parts of some Ghanaian plants are effective in controlling this pest. The methanol extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Roots) and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) were screened against the leaf miner to determine their insecticidal activity against the pest. Bioassay guided isolation led to the isolation of (2E, 4E)-N-(2- methylpropyl)deca-2,4-dienamide (pellitorine) from the roots of Z. zanthoxyloides whiles three major cardanol derivatives, (Z)-3-(8- pentadecenyl)phenol, (8Z,11Z)-3-(8,11- pentadecadienyl)phenol and (8Z,11Z)-3-(8,11,14-pentadecatrienyl)phenol (2-3) were isolated from CNSL. Currently, these botanicals are being applied under field conditions to determine their efficacy as well.