Browsing by Author "Zhou, Z."
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Item Assessing risk factors for latent and active tuberculosis among persons living with HIV in Florida: A comparison of self-reports and medical records(PLOS ONE, 2022) Seneadza, N.A.H.; Kwara, A.; Lauzardo, M.; Prins, C.; Zhou, Z.; Se´raphin, M.N.; Ennis, N.; Morano, J.P.; Brumback, B.; Cook, R.L.Purpose This study examined factors associated with TB among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Florida and the agreement between self-reported and medically documented history of tuberculosis (TB) in assessing the risk factors. Methods Self-reported and medically documented data of 655 PLWH in Florida were analyzed. Data on sociodemographic factors such as age, race/ethnicity, place of birth, current marital status, education, employment, homelessness in the past year and ‘ever been jailed’ and behavioural factors such as excessive alcohol use, marijuana, injection drug use (IDU), substance and current cigarette use were obtained. Health status information such as health insurance status, adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), most recent CD4 count, HIV viral load and comorbid conditions were also obtained. The associations between these selected factors with self-reported TB and medically documented TB diagnosis were compared using Chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Additionally, the agreement between self-reports and medical records was assessed. Results TB prevalence according to self-reports and medical records was 16.6% and 7.5% respectively. Being age 55 years, African American and homeless in the past 12 months were statistically significantly associated with self-reported TB, while being African American PLOS ONE PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271917 August 4, 2022 1 / 12 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Seneadza NAH, Kwara A, Lauzardo M, Prins C, Zhou Z, Se´raphin MN, et al. (2022) Assessing risk factors for latent and active tuberculosis among persons living with HIV in Florida: A comparison of self-reports and medical records. PLoS ONE 17(8): e0271917. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271917 Editor: Wenping Gong, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, CHINA Received: August 30, 2021 Accepted: July 10, 2022 Published: August 4, 2022 Peer Review History: PLOS recognizes the benefits of transparency in the peer review process; therefore, we enable the publication of all of the content of peer review and author responses alongside final, published articles. The editorial history of this article is available here: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271917 Copyright: © 2022 Seneadza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: The data contain potentially sensitive patient information, but data can be obtained upon request. Information about homeless in the past 12 months and not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were statistically significantly associated with medically documented TB. African Americans compared to Whites had odds ratios of 3.04 and 4.89 for self-reported and medically documented TB, respectively. There was moderate agreement between self-reported and medically documented TB (Kappa = 0.41). Conclusions TB prevalence was higher based on self-reports than medical records. There was moderate agreement between the two data sources, showing the importance of self-reports. Establishing the true prevalence of TB and associated risk factors in PLWH for developing policies may therefore require the use of self-reports and confirmation by screening tests, clinical signs and/or microbiologic data.Item Assessing risk factors for latent and active tuberculosis among persons living with HIV in Florida: A comparison of self-reports and medical records(PLOS ONE, 2022) SeneadzaI, N.A.H.; Kwara, A.; Lauzardo, M.; Prins, C.; Zhou, Z.; Se´raphin, M.N.; et al.Purpose This study examined factors associated with TB among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Florida and the agreement between self-reported and medically documented history of tuberculosis (TB) in assessing the risk factors. Methods Self-reported and medically documented data of 655 PLWH in Florida were analyzed. Data on sociodemographic factors such as age, race/ethnicity, place of birth, current marital status, education, employment, homelessness in the past year and ‘ever been jailed’ and behavioural factors such as excessive alcohol use, marijuana, injection drug use (IDU), substance and current cigarette use were obtained. Health status information such as health insurance status, adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), most recent CD4 count, HIV viral load and comorbid conditions were also obtained. The associations between these selected factors with self-reported TB and medically documented TB diagnosis were compared using Chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Additionally, the agreement between self-reports and medical records was assessed. Results TB prevalence according to self-reports and medical records was 16.6% and 7.5% respectively. Being age 55 years, African American and homeless in the past 12 months were statistically significantly associated with self-reported TB, while being African American homeless in the past 12 months and not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were statistically significantly associated with medically documented TB. African Americans compared to Whites had odds ratios of 3.04 and 4.89 for self-reported and medically documented TB, respectively. There was moderate agreement between self-reported and medically documented TB (Kappa = 0.41). Conclusions TB prevalence was higher based on self-reports than medical records. There was moderate agreement between the two data sources, showing the importance of self-reports. Establishing the true prevalence of TB and associated risk factors in PLWH for developing policies may therefore require the use of self-reports and confirmation by screening tests, clinical signs and/or microbiologic data.Item Chemical characterization and source apportionment of household fine particulate matter in rural, peri-urban, and urban West Africa(Environmental Science and Technology, 2014) Zhou, Z.; Dionisio, K.L.; Verissimo, T.G.; Kerr, A.S.; Coull, B.; Howie, S.; Arku, R.E.; Koutrakis, P.; Renner, J.D.; Fornace, K.; Hughes, A.F.; Vallarino, J.; Agyei-Mensah, S.; Ezzati, M.Household air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions is an important cause of disease burden. Little is known about the chemical composition and sources of household air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa, and how they differ between rural and urban homes. We analyzed the chemical composition and sources of fine particles (PM2.5) in household cooking areas of multiple neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana, and in peri-urban (Banjul) and rural (Basse) areas in The Gambia. In Accra, biomass burning accounted for 39-62% of total PM2.5 mass in the cooking area in different neighborhoods; the absolute contributions were 10-45 μg/m 3. Road dust and vehicle emissions comprised 12-33% of PM 2.5 mass. Solid waste burning was also a significant contributor to household PM2.5 in a low-income neighborhood but not for those living in better-off areas. In Banjul and Basse, biomass burning was the single dominant source of cooking-area PM2.5, accounting for 74-87% of its total mass; the relative and absolute contributions of biomass smoke to PM 2.5 mass were larger in households that used firewood than in those using charcoal, reaching as high as 463 μg/m3 in Basse homes that used firewood for cooking. Our findings demonstrate the need for policies that enhance access to cleaner fuels in both rural and urban areas, and for controlling traffic emissions in cities in sub-Saharan Africa. © 2013 American Chemical Society.Item Chemical composition and sources of particle pollution in affluent and poor neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana(Environmental Research Letters, 2013-12) Zhou, Z.; Dionisio, K.L.; Verissimo, T.G.; Kerr, A.S.; Coull, B.; Arku, R.E.; Koutrakis, P.; Spengler, J.D.; Hughes, A.F.; Vallarino, J.; Agyei-Mensah, S.; Ezzati, M.The highest levels of air pollution in the world now occur in developing country cities, where air pollution sources differ from high-income countries. We analyzed particulate matter (PM) chemical composition and estimated the contributions of various sources to particle pollution in poor and affluent neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana. Elements from earth's crust were most abundant during the seasonal Harmattan period between late December and late January when Saharan dust is carried to coastal West Africa. During Harmattan, crustal particles accounted for 55 μg m-3 (37%) of fine particle (PM 2.5) mass and 128 μg m-3 (42%) of PM10 mass. Outside Harmattan, biomass combustion, which was associated with higher black carbon, potassium, and sulfur, accounted for between 10.6 and 21.3 μg m -3 of fine particle mass in different neighborhoods, with its contribution largest in the poorest neighborhood. Other sources were sea salt, vehicle emissions, tire and brake wear, road dust, and solid waste burning. Reducing air pollution in African cities requires policies related to energy, transportation and urban planning, and forestry and agriculture, with explicit attention to impacts of each strategy in poor communities. Such cross-sectoral integration requires emphasis on urban environment and urban poverty in the post-2015 Development Agenda. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.