Browsing by Author "Teye-Kwadjo, E."
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Item Condom use negotiation among high school adolescents in Ghana: the role of gender(South African Journal of Psychology, 2018-09) Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Kagee, A.; Swart, H.Gender has a profound effect on the sexual risk preventive intentions and behaviour of young people. However, little is known about the role of gender on condom use negotiation among adolescents in Ghana. This study explored gender differences in condom use negotiation among school-going adolescents in Ghana. Participants (n = 684) completed self-report measures based on attitudes towards condom use, subjective norms regarding condom use, perceived behavioural control over condom use, intentions to use condoms, and on actual condom use behaviour. Results revealed statistically significant differences in condom use by gender. Specifically, attitudes towards condom use were more favourable among male students than they were among female students. Male students perceived slightly greater control over condom use than did female students. Moreover, male students reported slightly more condom-protected sexual behaviour than did female students. These results highlight the usefulness of designing gender-specific sexual risk reduction programmes among high school adolescents in Ghana.Item Does Past Condom Use Moderate the Future Condom Use Intention-Behavior Relationship? Results from a Ghanaian Sample(Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 2018-08) Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Kagee, A.; Swart, H.Behavioral intention is an important predictor of actual behavior. Yet, people often fail to act on their intentions. This study used panel data to examine whether intention interacts with past behavior in determining future behavior. Young people in the Eastern Region of Ghana (N = 956, 495 = female, 461 = male) completed a structured self-administered questionnaire, assessing intentions to use condoms and past condom use behavior at Time 1, and future condom use behavior at Time 2. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that intentions to use condoms and past condom use behavior accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in future condom use behavior. In addition, past condom use moderated the future condom use intention–behavior relationship. These results demonstrate the usefulness of considering young people's past experiences with condoms in informing the design of condom use skills training. In other words, a condom use skills training intervention that uses the pedagogical approach of starting from the “known” to the “unknown” might benefit young Ghanaians.Item Effect of HIV-Related Stigma and HIV-Related Stress on HIV Disclosure Concerns: a Study of HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy at Two Urban Hospitals in Ghana(Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2020-01-10) Anakwa, N.O.; Teye-Kwadjo, E.Limited research has examined HIV disclosure concerns and the role that HIV-related stigma and HIV-related stress play in disclosure in HIV care in Ghana. We explored HIV status disclosure concerns among 235 people living with HIV (PLHIV) and attending two general hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyse the data. Our results showed that PLHIV who experienced higher levels of perceived HIV-related stigma reported greater levels of HIV disclosure concerns, and therefore were more likely not to disclose their HIV-positive status. In addition, we found that PLHIV who reported experiencing higher levels of HIV-related emotional stress also reported greater levels of HIV disclosure concerns. HIV-related instrumental stress was negatively associated with HIV disclosure concerns, suggesting that PLHIV who reported having greater access to money, food, transport, healthcare system, treatment, and antiretroviral medication were less likely to experience HIV disclosure concerns. The current data demonstrate that interventions that help to reduce HIV-related stigma and HIV-related stress may increase HIV status disclosure, thereby improving the psychological health of PLHIV in GhanaItem Exploring Ghanaian commercial drivers’ intentions to wear a seat belt(Case Studies on Transport Policy, 2019-11-02) Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Salia, S.; Mensah, G.O.; Ofori, R.Wearing a seat belt reduces a person’s risk of serious injury and death during a road traffic crash. Ghana has mandatory seat belt laws. Despite this, only a few commercial drivers wear a seat belt. This study aimed to gain an understanding of the factors associated with the intention to wear a seat belt in a sample of commercial drivers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Drivers of passenger-carrying minibuses (N=303) completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that attitudinal beliefs about seat belt use were positively associated with the intention to wear a seat belt. Normative beliefs and perceived control beliefs were not associated with the intention to wear a seat belt. The results demonstrate that commercial drivers in the Greater Accra Region seem to possess attitudinally- controlled intentions, such that road safety campaigns that target the antecedents of attitude formation and activation may strengthen behavioural beliefs about seat belt use intentions. Having positive attitudes towards seat belt use should be considered by the National Road Safety Commission as an important starting point for seat belt use safety interventions. For example, seat belt use interventions for commercial drivers that combine education with the use of intelligent seat belt reminders (loud sound or light displays) may strengthen positive attitudes towards seat belt use.Item The influence of caregiver stress and affiliate stigma in community-based mental health care on family caregiver wellbeing(International Journal of Mental Health, 2020-02-05) Bonsu, A.S.; Yendork, J.S.; Teye-Kwadjo, E.Previous studies have noted the inadequacies within Ghana’s mental health system. These studies highlighted challenges associated with caregiving before the passage of Ghana’s current Mental Health Act (Act 846) of 2012. Yet, there is paucity of research on the wellbeing of caregivers in communitybased mental health care, following the passage of the Mental Health Act. This study investigated the influence of caregiver stress and affiliate stigma on family caregiver wellbeing. Further, it assessed the differences in stress, affiliate stigma, and wellbeing between community and institutional family caregiver groups in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Two hundred and eighty family caregivers of persons living with any type of mental illness were purposively sampled for the study. Results of Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis showed that, caregiver stress negatively significantly influenced caregiver wellbeing. Moreover, results of a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance showed a significant difference between community and institutional family caregivers in the combined experience of stress, affiliate stigma and wellbeing, with community family caregivers scoring higher on wellbeing than did institutional family caregivers. Implications for caregiver interventions in the Eastern Region of Ghana are discussedItem Patient-Reported Experiences of Medication Adherence at a Community-Based HIV Clinic, Ghana(Journal of Patient Experience, 2022) Fosu, M.; Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Yendork, J.S.There is little information on patients’ medication adherence experiences at community-based clinics in Ghana. This study investigated adherence to antiretroviral medication among people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending a community-based HIV clinic. PLHIV (N = 349) completed a questionnaire battery on medication adherence, doctor-patient communication, HIV stigma, patient general self-efficacy, perceived social support, and on patient spirituality. Linear Regression was used to analyze the data. Results showed that doctor-patient communication (β=.38, 95% CI [0.09, 0.18], P <.001) and social support from significant others (β=.46, 95% CI [0.18, 0.67], P <.001) were positively associated with medication adherence in this sample. In contrast, HIV stigma (β=–.16, 95% CI [–0.58, −0.09], P <.01), patient spirituality (β=–.22, 95% CI [–0.44, −0.00], P <.05), and patient general self-efficacy (β=–.14, 95% CI [–0.17, −0.02], P <.01) were negatively associated with medication adherence. There is a need for educational interventions targeted at enhancing doctor-patient communication and social support while reducing stigma among PLHIV in Ghana.Item The Perceived Social Support for Job Search Activity Scale (PSS-JSAS): A psychometric evaluation in the context of Ghana(Springer, 2021) Teye-Kwadjo, E.Lack of social support can have a profound impact on the job search efforts of young adults. The Perceived Social Support for Job Search Activity Scale (PSS-JSAS) was developed to assess the quality of social support a job seeker receives during a job search. Building on this previous work, the present study assessed the PSS-JSAS’s factor structure, construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance in the context of Ghana. Data for the present analysis were provided by 429 recent university graduates. The sample was randomly split into two subsamples for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 223) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 206). EFA and parallel analysis with the first subsample suggested a single factor structure, comprising 6 items out of the original 8 items. In CFA with the second subsample, the construct validity of the single factor structure was found to be optimal. Multi-group CFA with the second subsample showed that the single factor structure was invariant across gender. Further, reliability analysis on the total sample and the subsamples demonstrated good internal consistency reliability for the 6 items. The validity evidence obtained in this study suggests that the PSS-JSAS has good psychometric properties and is thus suitable for assessing social support for job search efforts of university graduates.Item Psychological Factors Associated With Mental Adjustment to Breast Cancer: A Hospital-Based Observational Study(Illness, Crisis & Loss, 2023) Dadzie, H.A.N.; Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Asante, K.O.; Amankwah-Poku, M.; Gyasi-Gyamerah, A.A.; Akotia, C.S.; Osafo, J.; Amankwaa-Frempong, E.; Roomaney, R.; Kagee, A.This study examined mental adjustment to breast cancer, that is, coping strategies. Participants were 130 women undergoing breast cancer treatment in two medical settings in Accra, Ghana. They completed questionnaires assessing mental adjustment to cancer, psychological distress (anxiety and depression), negative religious coping, body change stress, and illness perceptions. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression. Results showed that patients who reported higher depression were more likely to engage in anxious preoccupation (worry and thinking about breast cancer). Higher depression was associated with a greater sense of helplessness/hopelessness. Moreover, patients higher in negative religious coping were more likely to experience a greater sense of helplessness/hopelessness. Illness perception facets of personal control and emotional response were positively associated with fatalism and anxious preoccupation, respectively. The results suggest that screening breast cancer patients for psychological morbidity could help identify patients with increased risks for maladaptive adjustment to the diseaseItem Rasch Analysis of the Proactive Personality Scale(SAGE, 2021) Teye-Kwadjo, E.; de Bruin, G.P.The Proactive Personality Scale (PPS) is used widely to measure proactive personality. Previous research has evaluated the psychometric properties of the 6-item PPS (hereafter called PPS-6) using classical test theory. There is a need to provide further validity evidence for the PPS-6 using modern test theory. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the PPS-6 using Rasch analysis. A total of 429 participants completed the PPS-6. Rasch rating scale model (RSM) was used to analyse the data. RSM showed that the PPS-6 fitted the Rasch model well. RSM demonstrated that the PPS-6 functioned as a unidimensional measure with good internal consistency reliability. Items on the PPS-6 did not show any noticeable differential item functioning across gender. RSM showed that the response rating scale of the PPS-6 is suitable. Results suggest that the PPS-6 is a reliable measure for the assessment of proactive personality.Item Red-light-running in a Ghanaian metropolis(Elsevier, 2022) Ojo, T.K.; Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Obiri-Yeboah, A.; Appiah, A.B.Background: Red-light-running (RLR) is a major cause of road traffic crashes in Ghana. Yet, there is limited scientific research on RLR in Ghana. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and logistic regression models to understand RLR behaviour in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. An understanding of such behaviour would enable the design of behavioural and technological interventions including change commu- nications and nudges to pro-driver behaviours. Methods: A naturalistic exploratory road-side observational design of drivers at three (3) signalized intersections in the Cape Coast Metropolis was conducted from 17th-23rdApril, 2021. A structured observational checklist was used to collect data on motorists in two (2) phases (7:00–9:00 am and 3:00–5:00 pm) each day for seven (7) days at the University of Cape Coast (UCC), Pedu Junction and Interbeton Junction traffic light intersections. Data captured included RLR, gender, age group of the driver, type of vehicle, and presence of other passengers. Data was entered and analyzed using STATA IC version 15. Bivariate and Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was done at p < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 5,045 motorists were observed at three (3) traffic lights within the seven (7) days with the majority being male (94.4%), aged 25–45 years (77.4%), and on a Friday (18.6%). A low rate of RLR (13.3%) [Pedu Junction traffic lights (15.1%), UCC (12.7%) and Interbeton Junction (10.8%)] in the metropolis. Drivers entering the UCC Gate-Campus were 1.54 times more likely to engage in RLR than were those leaving campus, and vehicles without passengers were 1.27 times more likely to engage in RLR, compared to those with one or more passengers. Motorists were less likely to make an RLR offence on weekdays as compared to Saturday. Conclusion: The officials of the National Road Safety Authority (NRSA) and Motor Transport and Traffic Department of the Ghana Police Service should educate drivers on the danger associated with RLR and arrest and prosecute errant ones to serve as a deterrent.Item Risky driving behaviour in urban Ghana: the contributions of fatalistic beliefs, risk perception, and risk-taking attitude(International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2019) Teye-Kwadjo, E.There is rapid motorisation in Ghana, leading to increases in risky driving and road crashes. Understanding pathways through which traffic risk perception and traffic fatalism affects risky driving behaviour can help with effective road safety education and health promotion interventions among drivers in Ghana. Yet, the pathways are not well understood. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to assess the hypothesised model that attitudes towards risky driving would mediate the association of traffic fatalism and traffic risk perception with risky driving behaviour. Licensed drivers (N = 519) aged 18 to 73 years (M = 27.98, SD = 9.23) completed a survey on fatalistic beliefs, traffic risk perception, and risky driving attitudes and self-reported risky driving behaviour. The model shows a good fit to the data. Attitudes towards risky driving mediated the effects of fatalistic beliefs and risk perception on risky driving behaviour. Further, fatalistic beliefs were positively associated with attitudes towards risky driving. Risk perception was negatively associated with attitudes towards risky driving. Moreover, attitudes towards risky driving positively predicted risky driving behaviour. Other multivariate results showed that risk perception and risk-taking differ among male and female drivers and among married and never married drivers. The results provide opportunities for the National Road Safety Commission to design safety promotion interventions to target the belief that road crashes are influenced, in part, by fate and destiny other than by road user behaviour. Road safety education should target favourable attitudes towards risk-taking through which fatalistic beliefs and risk perception affect driving behaviour. © 2019, © 2019 Institute of Health Promotion and Education.Item Understanding the Role of Proactive Personality in Occupational Health and Safety at Oil and Gas Service Stations in Accra(SAGE Open, 2022) Bakidamteh, S.A.; Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Abdul-Nasiru, I.This study explored occupational health and safety among fuel pump attendants at selected oil and gas service stations in Accra, Ghana. Respondents completed a questionnaire battery on proactive personality, safety climate perceptions, safety compliance, and safety participation. Regression models showed that safety climate perceptions and proactive personality each had significant positive main effects on safety compliance and safety participation. Moreover, we found that the positive relationship between safety climate perceptions and safety compliance, and between safety climate perceptions and safety participation was weaker when proactivity was high than when it was low. The theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed.Item Unpacking the psychological and physical well-being of Ghanaian patients with breast cancer(Dialogues in Health, 2022) Teye-Kwadjo, E.; Goka, A.; Ussher, Y.A.A.This study explored the psychological and physical well-being of 12 Ghanaian women diagnosed with breast cancer. aged between 22 and 69 years. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with participants to understand their lived experiences following their diagnosis and treatment. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcripts. Findings revealed that patients’ psychological and physical well-being relative to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are marked by (a) persistent pain, (b) concerns with physical appearance, and (c) a willingness to lose a breast for survival, (d) positive religious coping, and (e) posttraumatic growth (i.e., positive psychological changes in the aftermath of diagnosis or treatment). The findings suggest that recognising patients’ concerns with pain, physical changes, and the will to lose a breast to survive in the care continuum may yield public health dividends. Moreover, the findings highlight the need for individualised psychotherapeutic interventions to assist patients in dealing with the disease in the aftermath of their diagnosis and treatment.