Browsing by Author "Jalloh, M."
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Item Effective Project Management of a Pan-African Cancer Research Network: Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP)(Journal of Global Oncology, 2018-09) Odiaka, E.; Lounsbury, D.W.; Jalloh, M.; Adusei, B.; Diallo, T.A.; Kane, P.M.S.; Rockson, I.; Okyne, V.; Irusen, H.; Pentz, A.; Makinde, I.et.al.Purpose Health research in low- and middle-income countries can generate novel scientific knowledge and improve clinical care, fostering population health improvements to prevent premature death. Project management is a critical part of the success of this research, applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to accomplish required goals. Here, we describe the development and implementation of tools to support a multifaceted study of prostate cancer in Africa, focusing on building strategic and operational capacity. Methods Applying a learning organizational framework, we developed and implemented a project management toolkit (PMT) that includes a management process flowchart, a cyclical center-specific schedule of activities, periodic reporting and communication, and center-specific monitoring and evaluation metrics. Results The PMT was successfully deployed during year one of the project with effective component implementation occurring through periodic cycles of dissemination and feedback to local center project managers. A specific evaluation was conducted 1 year after study initiation to obtain enrollment data, evaluate individual quality control management plans, and undertake risk log assessments and follow-up. Pilot data obtained identified areas in which centers required mentoring, strengthening, and capacity development. Strategies were implemented to improve project goals and operational capacity through local problem solving, conducting quality control checks and following compliancy with study aims. Moving forward, centers will perform quarterly evaluations and initiate strengthening measures as required. Conclusion The PMT has fostered the development of both strategic and operational capacity across project centers. Investment in project management resources is essential to ensuring high-quality, impactful health research in low- and middle-income countries.Item Ethnic differences in the frequency of prostate cancer susceptibility alleles at SRD5A2 and CYP3A4(Human Heredity, 2002-02) Zeigler-Johnson, C.M.; Walker, A.H.; Mancke, B.; Spangler, E.; Jalloh, M.; McBride, S.; Deitz, A.; Malkowicz, S.B.; Ofori-Adjei, D.; Gueye, S.M.; Rebbeck, T.R.Objectives: Ethnic differences in prostate cancer incidence are well documented, with African-Americans having among the highest rates in the world. Ethnic differences in genotypes for genes associated with androgen metabolism including SRD5A2 and CYP3A4 also may exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in these genotypes by ethnicity. Methods: We studied cancer-free controls representative of four groups: 147 African Americans, 410 Caucasian-Americans, 129 Ghanaians, and 178 Senegalese. PCR-based genotype analysis was undertaken to identify two alleles (V89L, A49T) at SRD5A2 and *1B allele at CYP3A4. Results: Differences were observed for V89L (variant frequency of 30% in Caucasians, 27% in African Americans, 19% in Ghanaians, and 18% in Senegalese, p =0.002) and were observed for CYP3A4*1B (variant frequencies of 8% in Caucasians, 59% in African Americans, 81% in Ghanaians, and 78% in Senegalese, p =0.0001). Pooled data combining the present data and previously published data from from Asian, Hispanic, and Arab cancer-free controls showed significant ethnic differences for SRD5A2 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms. Overall, Asians were least likely to have alleles associated with increased prostate cancer risk, while Africans were most likely to have those alleles. Conclusions: These results suggest that ethnicity-specific differences in genotype frequencies exist for SRD5A2 and CYP3A4. Africans and African-Americans have the highest frequency of those alleles that have previously been associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Future studies should address whether allele frequency differences in part explain differences in prostate cancer incidence in these populations. Copyright © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.Item Evaluation of 4, 672 routine prostate biopsies performed in six African countries(Journal Africain du Cancer, 2013-08) Yegbe, P.; Watya, S.; Kaggwa, S.; Haiman, C.; Henderson, B.E.; Narashimhamurthy, M.; Abuidris, D.; Mohamadani, A.A.; Mohamed, E.; Mansoor, M.; Elgaili, E.M.; Elballal, A.; Zeigler-Johnson, C.M.; Heyns, C.F.; Gueye, S.M.; Rebbeck, T.R.; Jalloh, M.; Friebel, T.M.; Sira Thiam, F.; Niang, L.; Sy, C.; Siby, T.; Fernandez, P.; Mapulanga, V.; Maina, S.; Doodu Mante, S.; Yeboah, E.; Kyei, M.; Ankomah, R.; Amegbor, J.; Adusei, B.Purpose: Prostate cancer (CaP) is the leading cancer diagnosed in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, relatively little is known about the clinical detection of CaP in SSA. In order to evaluate CaP detection in SSA, we evaluated the outcomes of prostate biopsies under conditions of usual clinical care. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 4, 672 Black African men, who underwent prostate biopsy in Gaborone, Botswana; Accra, Ghana; Dakar, Senegal Cape Town, South Africa; Wadmedani, Sudan; and Kampala, Uganda. Clinical and pathological characteristics were collected using medical records information for prostate biopsies that were undertaken during the period 2005-2011. Comparison groups of White South Africans (N = 398) who underwent prostate biopsy, and African American (AA; N = 117) and European American (EA; N = 975) men with prostate cancer were also obtained. Results: Usual biopsy practices varied across SSA centers. The mean age at biopsy was 68.1 years (range: 25-100). The percentage of CaP identified was 11%, 36%, 43%, 48%, 87%, and 94% in Sudan, Senegal, South Africa, Ghana, Botswana, and Uganda, respectively. The Gleason scores 6 and 7 were predominant in Botswana, Senegal, and South Africa while the Gleason scores ≥ 8 were predominant in Sudan and Uganda. Compared to AA and EA, SSA and White South African men had substantially higher Gleason grade disease, and initial PSA at diagnosis was strongly associated with disease aggressiveness. Conclusions: The knowledge gained from studies of prostate cancer in Africa may in turn improve our understanding of aggressive prostate cancer diagnosed anywhere in the world. © Springer-Verlag France 2013.Item Overall and central obesity and prostate cancer risk in African men(Springer, 2021) Agalliu, I.; Lin, W.J.; Zhang, J.S.; Jacobson, J.S.; Rohan, T.E.; Adusei, B.; Snyper, N.Y.F.; Andrews, C.; Sidahmed, E.; Mensah, J.E.; Biritwum, R.; Adjei, A.A.; Okyne, V.; Ainuson‑Quampah, J.; Fernandez, P.; Irusen, H.; Odiaka, E.; Folasire, O.F.; Ifeoluwa, M.G.; Aisuodionoe‑Shadrach, O.I.; Nwegbu, M.M.; Pentz, A.; Chen, W.C.; Jofe, M.; Neugut, A.I.; Diallo, T.A.; Jalloh, M.; Rebbeck, T.R.; Adebiyi, A.O.; Hsing, A.W.Purpose African men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer (PCa). Given the increasing prevalence of obesity in Africa, and its association with aggressive PCa in other populations, we examined the relationship of overall and central obesity with risks of total and aggressive PCa among African men. Methods Between 2016 and 2020, we recruited 2,200 PCa cases and 1,985 age-matched controls into a multi-center, hospital-based case–control study in Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa. Participants completed an epidemiologic questionnaire, and anthropometric factors were measured at clinic visit. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of overall and central obesity with PCa risk, measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), respectively. Results Among controls 16.4% were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2 ), 26% and 90% had WC>97 cm and WHR>0.9, respectively. Cases with aggressive PCa had lower BMI/obesity in comparison to both controls and cases with less aggressive PCa, suggesting weight loss related to cancer. Overall obesity (odds ratio: OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.99–1.93), and central obesity (WC>97 cm: OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.10–2.33; and WHtR>0.59: OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.24–2.29) were positively associated with D’Amico intermediate-risk PCa, but not with risks of total or high-risk PCa. Associations were more pronounced in West versus South Africa, but these differences were not statistically significant. Discussion The high prevalence of overall and central obesity in African men and their association with intermediate-risk PCa represent an emerging public health concern in Africa. Large cohort studies are needed to better clarify the role of obesity and PCa in various African populations.Item Population Differences in the Frequency of the Agouti Signaling Protein g.8818A > G Polymorphism(Pigment Cell Research, 2004-04) Zeigler-Johnson, C.; Panossian, S.; Gueye, S.M.; Jalloh, M.; Ofori-Adjei, D.; Kanetsky, P.A.The role of agouti signaling protein (ASIP) in human pigmentation pathways is not definitively understood although its murine homologue regulates, in part, pheomelanogenesis. We have reported an association of a polymorphism in the 3′-untranslated region of ASIP (g.8818A > G) with dark hair and eye color among a group of European-Americans (Am J Hum Genet 2002 March;70:770). Among 147 healthy control subjects, the frequency of the G-allele was 0.12. We hypothesized that this polymorphism would occur at different frequencies among different population groups. Using PCR-RFLP, we genotyped 25 East Asian, 86 African-American, and 207 West African individuals for the ASIP g.8818A > G polymorphism. The g.8818G-allele was present in the West African sample at a frequency of 0.80, in the African-American sample at a frequency of 0.62, and in the East Asian sample at 0.28. The difference in allele frequency among population groups was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Although the effect of the g.8818A > G polymorphism upon ASIP function is unknown, the large difference in allele frequency between our West African and European-American sample populations lends support to the notion that this gene may be important in human pigmentation.