Browsing by Author "Adom, K."
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Item Assessing the Role of Culture in Female entrepreneurship in Contemporary Sub-Saharan society:Insights from The Nabadam District of Ghana(Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 2018-09) Anambane, G.; Adom, K.This study explores the role of cultural practices on female entrepreneurship with some insights from the Nabdam district of Ghana. The views of twenty (20) female entrepreneurs were gathered through face-to-face in-depth interviews, which were analyzed according to identified themes. The key finding of the study is that, because of cultural influences and norms, entrepreneurship is perceived to be a field for uneducated women as highly educated women seek formal employment than self-employment. Also, the value and respect for traditions was found to be a limiting factor to the growth and expansion of female-owned enterprises. Therefore, this study concludes that the general poor performance of female entrepreneurs in the study area can be attributed to long-held traditional beliefs and practices rather than managerial inability on the part of women. The stereotype threat theory is used to explain the state of female entrepreneurship in the study area. Therefore, there is a call on policy makers to formulate policies that could eliminate the negative impact of culture on female-owned businesses.Item An Assessment of Entrepreneurial Disposition and Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Lessons from Ghana(Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 2018-04) Adom, K.; Chiri, N.; Quaye, D.; Awuah-Werekoh, K.This paper assesses the impact of Ghanaian culture on the entrepreneurial disposition of Higher National Diploma (HND) graduates of Accra Polytechnic from 2007 to 2012. Since the turn of the millennium, there has been more attention given to job creation than job seeking, especially among the youth, to address unemployment in developing countries. This is because of governments’ inability to match the growing number of job seekers to job creation across the globe. One way to address this deficit in Ghana is the introduction of courses in entrepreneurship in almost all tertiary institutions, coupled with the setting up of institutions such as Ghana Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship Development Agency (GYEEDA), National Youth Employment Program (NYEP), Youth Entrepreneurship Agency (YEA), Youth Entrepreneurship Support (YES), among others. Reporting on 2015 data from Accra, the main finding was that collectivistic culture has negative effects on capital accumulation, human resource management and the urgency the unemployed graduates attached to self-employment. Therefore, this paper calls for some ways to address the issue of graduates’ inability to be enterprising. Keywords: Culture; entrepreneurial disposition; Ghana; Polytechnic; sub-Saharan Africa.Item Beyond the marginalization thesis: An examination of the motivations of informal entrepreneurs in sub-saharan Africa(International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2014-05) Adom, K.For years, informal entrepreneurs were largely classified as 'marginalized' and were perceived to be conducting marginalized ventures for survival. However, this perception gradually changed between the middle of the twentieth century and the start of the new millennium. In analysing the motivations of informal entrepreneurs from Ghana, based on face-to-face interviews with 150 respondents, the key findings were that the motivations of the entrepreneurs transcended the marginalization thesis and that informal entrepreneurs were often motivated not by necessity or opportunity, but rather by an amalgamation of the two. Although women constitute the majority of the necessity-driven informal entrepreneurs, in time some of them become opportunity-driven entrepreneurs. The implication is that there is a need for a shift from necessity-opportunity dualism to a unified approach, which depicts the motivations of informal entrepreneurs in more detail, and for broader research in other economic landscapes.Item A critical assessment of work and family life of female entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some fresh evidence from Ghana(Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2018-06) Adom, K.; Asare-Yeboa, I.T.; Quaye, D.M.; Ampomah, A.O.Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate how work and family lives of female entrepreneurs in emerging Sub-Saharan countries including Ghana influence their business performance, with focus on criteria such as income, number of outlets, and number of employees the entrepreneur controls. Design/methodology/approach A phenomenological qualitative approach to research was adopted for this study to help the researcher gain deeper understanding of experiences of Ghanaian female entrepreneurs with respect to their work and family life and its influence on business performance. With a purposive sampling technique, 25 active women entrepreneurs with family responsibilities were sampled for the study. A multiple case study strategy, in-depth face-to-face interviews, and participant observation were used to solicit responses from participants included in the study. Findings The study revealed that a majority of female entrepreneurs involved in the study believe that their roles and responsibilities to their families have a negative impact on both the income they generate from their business and their willingness to expand their outlets. However, it has a positive impact on their willingness to employ additional employees in their businesses. As a consequence, this study reveals that quality family life is essential to these female entrepreneurs and they are willing to put the well-being of their families first, even at the expense of their business growth. Research limitations/implications The study focused solely on the work and family life of women entrepreneurs and its influence on their business performance in Ghana. However, there exist other critical issues that affect women entrepreneurs in the Sub-Saharan region that can be explored to provide more insight on this subject or in different contexts. Originality/value As a first of its kind in the Ghanaian context, little is known in extant literature until now with regard to work and family life of female entrepreneurs and its influence on their business performance. This study therefore seeks to bridge this gap.Item Customers’ Perception of Rebranding and Bank Preference. A Case of GCB Bank(University of Ghana, 2015-06) Agana, H. Y.; Adom, K.; Hinson, R. E.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, Business School, Department of Marketing and Consumer ManagementThis study investigated how customers’ perception of the rebranding exercise by the largest bank in Ghana with focus on selected rebranded elements and its influence on their bank preference. The perception of potential customers of the rebranded elements was ascertained using three of the selection criteria (memorability, meaningfulness and likeability) for brand elements as opined by Keller (2003). The selected brand elements in the context of this study included; name, slogan and logo. A multiple regression analysis of the data from 214 respondents revealed that, customers’ perception of the rebranded elements had significant influence on their bank preference. The customers’ perception of the rebranding exercise had the most significant influence on their bank preference. Among the rebranded elements, the rebranded logo had the most significant influence on bank preference followed by the name. This outcome is closely linked to the existing association customers have with the rebranded name and logo prior to the rebranding. Generally, the rebranding exercise was necessary. However, responses from potential customers’ suggest they were skeptical about its influence on their perception and preference for the bank because of the rebranding. Service firms seeking to rebrand must consider customers’ perception prior the exercise. This study recommends the adoption of Keller’s criteria for selecting brand elements (memorability, meaningfulness and likeability) to banks or service firms who intend to rebrand. To enable them build and maintain a favorable customers’ perception which would consequently influence their preference. Internal marketing (employee buy-in) and effective marketing communication of purpose of the rebranding would also be relevant in the success of any rebranding exerciseItem The Effects of Marketing Communication on Church Growth in Ghana(University of Ghana, 2014-06) Acheampong, V.; Tweneboah-Koduah, E. Y.; Adom, K.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities Business School Department of Marketing and Consumer ManagementIn this era of intense competition, especially amongst churches, the yardstick for measuring success depends on the extent of awareness creation, persuasion and informing customers of the existence of offerings and this has resulted in several marketing communications tools being employed by churches to help them succeed in this kind of competition. This study sought to explore the application of marketing communication by churches in Ghana. The study adopted a mixed method approach. An in-depth personal interview was conducted by purposively sampling 12 church administrators which enabled the researcher to identify the marketing communication tools that churches in Ghana employ. The convenience random sampling technique was used to select 400 church attendees from the Adenta Municipality who completed questionnaires. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis. Data collected from the church attendees were coded into the SPSS and analysed using descriptive statistics, Factor Analysis, multiple regression, and Analysis of Variance ‘ANOVA’. Though the effects of marketing communication tools differed among respondents in terms of age groups, denominations and educational levels, this study found that there were no significant relationships between advertising, publicity/public relations and church growth. However, there was a significant relationship between personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion and church growth. Therefore the study concludes that personal selling, direct marketing and sales promotion had influence on Ghanaians’ choice of church.Item Evaluating the explanations for the informal economy in third world cities: some evidence from Koforidua in the eastern region of Ghana(2014) Adom, K.; Williams, C.C.,This paper re-evaluates the explanations for informal work in third world cities. Until now, informal work has been theorized either as a residue (modernisation), by-product of contemporary capitalism conducted out of economic necessity (structuralism) or an alternative to formal work chosen due to either an over-burdensome state (neo-liberalism) or for social, redistributive, resistance or identity reasons (post-structuralism). Reporting a study of 80 households in Koforidua in Ghana, this paper finds that although its depiction as a residue is not valid, the other representations of the informal economy are each valid in relation to different types of informal work and varying populations in this third world city, and that only by combining them will a finer-grained and more comprehensive understanding of the diverse nature of the informal economy be achieved. The outcome is a call for more nuanced explanations of the informal economy in other contexts.Item An Evaluation of Business to Business (B2B) Customer Relationship Management Practices at Guinness Ghana Breweries Limited (GGBL)(University of Ghana, 2013-06) Adintoghe, N.A.; Adom, K.; Hinson, R.E.Customer relationship management has been broadly thwarted as the panacea to improving supplier-customer relationship in literature. However, business-to-business relationships are often characterized by deeply complex relationships in the supply chain. This research therefore evaluates the customer relationship management practices/initiatives employed by Guinness Ghana Breweries Limited (GGBL) as a supplier to manage its relationships with trade partners in the supply chain. It sorts to assess the behavior of CRM practices on customer satisfaction in a business-to-business setting. The variables on CRM practices (trust, communication, order handling, conflict handling, socials bonds, commitment) and customer satisfaction variables (happy) were coded using a scale (1-5), where 5=strongly agree and 1= strongly disagree. Data was collected using questionnaires from 254 Retailers and 35 Key Distributors who are commercial trade partners of Guinness Ghana Breweries Limited. Reliability test and multiple regression analysis were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that the six CRM constructs cumulatively had significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. The study also revealed that key distributors are more satisfied than retailers. Individually, order handling, trust and communication, commitment, and complaint handling were found to be significant drivers of customer satisfaction. The study strongly recommends CRM adoption as a strategy to ensuring customer satisfaction in the business-to-business environments. In B2B relationships such as GGBL, the tendency to form closer ties with Key distributors is often high to the neglect of the retailers who actually interface with consumers. The study also recommends that, CRM be applied to the whole supply chain if the needed benefits are to be realized.Item Forming and Maintaining Intra-Party Relationships: a Two Party Comparative Study(University of Ghana, 2016-06) Sayibu, I.N; Mensah, K.; Adom, K.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities Business School Department of Marketing and Consumer ManagementIn recent times political parties appear to have focused narrowly on winning elections to the detriment of the effective management of their intra-party relationships and this is what necessitated this study. The study sought to examine the management of internal relationships among party officers and members at the constituency level. This study focused on the two leading parties in Ghana – National Democratic Congress and New Patriotic Party with all constituencies in Ghana as the target population. The sample of the study was made up of twenty four participants drawn from eight constituencies, four constituencies each for the two parties under study. The study is qualitative in nature and so in-depth interviews were used to gather the necessary data. This data was analysed qualitatively using the thematic and textual technique. The study found that the political parties do practice some of the elements of relationship marketing. Six of these elements (communication, conflict management, competence, partnership and social bonding, empowerment and culture) are been practiced by the two parties as indicated by the data. The findings show that there are more similarities between the two parties, yet there is still some internal wrangling among the two parties particularly in the New Patriotic Party. The study concludes that, it is important for political parties to realize that there cannot be any internal harmony and relationship without the six variables and particularly communication.Item Measuring Higher Education Service Quality (A Study across Some Selected Universities in Ghana)(University of Ghana, 2015-07) Asinyo, I. K. E.; Adom, K.; Narteh, B.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, Business School, Department of Marketing and Consumer ManagementMeasuring service quality in higher education has become an important exercise to determine students‟ level of satisfaction and possibility of continue enrolment. This paper focuses on measuring Ghana‟s higher education service quality with the specific objective of identifying perceptions of students in University of Ghana (UG), Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA) and University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA)as a means to evaluate the quality of service offered by these universities. The SERVQUAL model was adopted as the conceptual framework for this study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from randomly selected 300students in the business schools of the above institutions. The study found that, empathizing with students, instilling confidence in students, being responsive to students and timely delivery of promises by staff of the institutions were the key service quality criteria that affect the students‟ perception of service delivery. The study recommended that, higher education institutions in Ghana should therefore put measures in place and take steps that will greatly improve student staff relationships which in the long run, affirmatively influence students‟ perception of service quality. The smallest dimension gap score proved to be tangibles, while the largest gap score in the study proved to be reliability followed by responsiveness.Item Recognizing the contribution of female entrepreneurs in economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some evidence from Ghana(Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 2015-04) Adom, K.In recent decades, female entrepreneurs have been seen to contribute to the economic development of nations especially in developing countries. Until now the contribution of female entrepreneurs to economic development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been relegated to the background or ignored in development circles. Part of the reason is because female entrepreneurs mainly work in the informal economy and are necessity driven and marginalized. The main research question the study poses is 'what is the contribution of female entrepreneurs to socio-economic development in SSA?' This paper seeks to answer this by examining critically the contribution of female entrepreneurs from Ghana as a means to achieve economic development. The study employs a qualitative approach using multiple case study design. To examine female entrepreneurship, a 2014 survey involving face-to-face interviews of 60 female entrepreneurs from Accra in Ghana is analyzed. The key finding is that, although male entrepreneurs contribute significantly more to economic development than their female counterparts, there remains untapped potential for female entrepreneurs becoming key players for achieving economic development. This and other findings of the study have some implications for policy on female entrepreneurship. Therefore, there is a call to harness these potentials through policies that would promote female entrepreneurship onan equal wavelength as their male counterparts. This is the first known study of female entrepreneurship as a catalyst for economic development in Ghana. © 2015 World Scientific Publishing Company.Item Recognizing the Contribution Of Female Entrepreneurs In Economic Development In Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Evidence From Ghana(World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, 2015) Adom, K.In recent decades, female entrepreneurs have been seen to contribute to the economic development of nations especially in developing countries. Until now the contribution of female entrepreneurs to economic development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been relegated to the background or ignored in development circles. Part of the reason is because female entrepreneurs mainly work in the informal economy and are necessity driven and marginalized. The main research question the study poses is 'what is the contribution of female entrepreneurs to socio-economic development in SSA?' This paper seeks to answer this by examining critically the contribution of female entrepreneurs from Ghana as a means to achieve economic development. The study employs a qualitative approach using multiple case study design. To examine female entrepreneurship, a 2014 survey involving face-to-face interviews of 60 female entrepreneurs from Accra in Ghana is analyzed. The key finding is that, although male entrepreneurs contribute significantly more to economic development than their female counterparts, there remains untapped potential for female entrepreneurs becoming key players for achieving economic development. This and other findings of the study have some implications for policy on female entrepreneurship. Therefore, there is a call to harness these potentials through policies that would promote female entrepreneurship on an equal wavelength as their male counterparts. This is the first known study of female entrepreneurship as a catalyst for economic development in Ghana.Item Tackling Informal Entrepreneurship in Ghana: A critical Analysis of the Dualist/Modernist policy approach, some evidence from Accra(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2016) Adom, K.The principal aim of this study is to provide a critical analytical overview of the nature and extent of informal entrepreneurship in Ghana, and to evaluate how it is being tackled through government policies under the spectacle of the dualist/modernist. Despite the widespread recognition of its magnitude and even growth, the informal economy in Ghana has not received the attention it deserves in the employment policies of the government until now. Little is known until now to evaluate how informal entrepreneurship could be tackled to make it more relevant to the economy. This study seeks to bridge this gap. Reporting data from a 2014 qualitative in-depth interview of government officials and other policy think-tanks, the key finding is that government policy towards tackling informal entrepreneurship has been at best ad hoc with no clear-cut policy to deal with informal entrepreneurship but somewhat adopting deterrent approach (mainly force eviction – aggressive, combative and impulsive). As a consequence, this paper calls for humane approach that will make informal entrepreneurship significant part of the overall economy such as deregulation, facilitating formalisation of informal entrepreneurship amongst othersItem Understanding the role of culture and gender stereotypes in women entrepreneurship through the lens of the stereotype threat theory(Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 2019-08-23) Adom, K.; Anambane, G.Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of culture and gender stereotypes in the entrepreneurial journey of women entrepreneurs. It specifically focuses on women entrepreneurs in the Nabdam district of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted the qualitative approach and collected data from 20 women entrepreneurs in the Nabdam district in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews which were analysed according to identified themes. Findings – The key finding of the study is that culture, through gender stereotypes, acts as a “push” motivational factor of women entrepreneurship and breeds more necessity-driven women entrepreneurs than opportunity-driven ones. However, gender stereotyping is found to be a bane to entrepreneurial success of several women-owned enterprises. Due to gender stereotypes, countless women entrepreneurs are skeptical about venturing into “unknown sector” sectors not familiar and operating larger businesses that are likely to yield more profits. Originality/value – Currently, there is less research on entrepreneurship and culture/gender stereotypes until now in Ghana, and this study seeks to bridge this gap. The results are discussed linking what is pertaining in other economic landscapes, thus avoiding just national perspectives. This is the first known study conducted in the study area that looks at entrepreneurship through the lens of culture-gender stereotypes. Keywords: Culture, Ghana, Sub-Saharan Africa, Women entrepreneurship, Female entrepreneurship, Gender stereotypes