Factors Affecting Female Adolescent Modern Contraceptive Use in James Town, Greater Accra Region-Ghana

Abstract

Background: Effective use of contraception can curb unsafe abortions, STDs & unwanted pregnancies. Adolescents in James Town are involved in risky sexual behaviour. Low patronage of contraceptives among adolescents puts them at a higher risk of unwanted and unplanned pregnancies. This study, therefore, ascertained factors affecting contraceptive use in the Ashiedu Keteke District. Objectives: This study sought to explore factors affecting female adolescent contraceptive use in James Town, by examining their knowledge on contraceptives, contraceptive use, and identify reasons affecting contraceptive use among female adolescents aged 12-19 years in James Town. Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological design using a semi-structured interview guide was conducted among sexually active adolescents 12-19 years resident in James Town. Eight (8) Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and eight (8) in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically in six phases. Results: Many of the female adolescents knew about contraceptives as a method of preventing unwanted pregnancies and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Contraceptives methods that participants knew were male condoms, emergency contraceptive pills, implants, IUD and injectable. Some of the participants reported to have ever used contraceptives, some were currently using whereas others had never used contraceptives. Contraception methods that were mostly used by female adolescents are a male condom and emergency contraception Reasons that prominently featured as having influenced contraceptive usage included peer and family influences, health facility and provider-related factors, religion, and culture. Conclusion: Knowledge and awareness of contraceptive methods and usage were found to be appreciable among female adolescents. Inconsistency in the use of contraceptives was identified among participants. Future qualitative studies must seek to explore adolescent contraceptive usage factors from the perspective of parents and service providers.