Exploring The Social Networks and Living Conditions of Togolese Labor Migrants in the Real Estate Construction Sector in Kpone Katamanso Municipality

Abstract

Globally, the construction sector relies heavily on migrant workers, however their working conditions and social protections are often inadequate. In Ghana, Togolese migrants dominate the sector, relying on social networks for employment and survival. This study addresses a research gap by using Social Network and Social Capital Theory to explore how these networks impact the living conditions of Togolese construction workers in East Legon Hills. Additionally, the study examined the challenges faced by these migrants and how they cope with them. The research, adopted the mixed-method approach, using a snowballing technique, 150 Togolese migrants were sampled and 10 stakeholders interviewed. The study found that majority of respondents relied on social networks in their migration process. Furthermore, the study also revealed that economic factors drive migration, with their social capital providing essential information on job opportunities and support. Again, the social networks of migrants were from their home country i.e. friends and family from Togo, thus the bonding social capital. Majority of respondents reside in shared housing with limited access to social protection and safety equipment. Notably, the study revealed variations in living and working conditions based on profession. Skilled workers have higher incomes and more stable employment, but still lacked crucial safety training and gear. Female respondents, predominantly laborers, reported lower earnings and job insecurity. Coping mechanisms differed across professions, with masons and carpenters often pooling resources for improved housing, while laborers, usually women, relied more on informal social support. Despite some availability of basic social services, all professions faced exploitation, health risks, and limited social protection. The study concludes that while strong social networks facilitate job access and resilience, fundamental structural issues remain. The study therefore, recommends that construction stakeholders improve working conditions and safety measures, and that policies are formulated to ensure fair treatment and integration.