Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso

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dc.contributor.authorPrado, E.L.
dc.contributor.authorAbbeddou, S.
dc.contributor.authorAdu-Afarwuah, S.
dc.contributor.authorArimond, M.
dc.contributor.authorAshorn, P.
dc.contributor.authorAshorn, U.
dc.contributor.authorBendabenda, J.
dc.contributor.authorBrown, K.H.
dc.contributor.authorHess, S.Y.
dc.contributor.authorKortekangas, E.
dc.contributor.authorLartey, A.
dc.contributor.authorMaleta, K.
dc.contributor.authorOaks, B.M.
dc.contributor.authorOcansey, E.
dc.contributor.authorOkronipa, H.
dc.contributor.authorOuédraogo, J.B.
dc.contributor.authorPulakka, A.
dc.contributor.authorSomé, J.W.
dc.contributor.authorStewart, C.P.
dc.contributor.authorStewart, R.C.
dc.contributor.authorVosti, S.A.
dc.contributor.authorYakes Jimenez, E.
dc.contributor.authorDewey, K.G.
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-06T12:09:38Z
dc.date.available2019-02-06T12:09:38Z
dc.date.issued2017-11
dc.description.abstractBackground: Previous reviews have identified 44 risk factors for poor early child development (ECD) in low- and middle-income countries. Further understanding of their relative influence and pathways is needed to inform the design of interventions targeting ECD. Methods: We conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18-month language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) Project in Ghana (n = 1,023), Malawi (n = 675 and 1,385), and Burkina Faso (n = 1,122). In two cohorts, women were enrolled during pregnancy. In two cohorts, infants were enrolled at 6 or 9 months. In multiple linear regression and structural equation models (SEM), we examined 22 out of 44 factors identified in previous reviews, plus 12 additional factors expected to be associated with ECD. Results: Out of 42 indicators of the 34 factors examined, 6 were associated with 18-month language and/or motor development in 3 or 4 cohorts: child linear and ponderal growth, variety of play materials, activities with caregivers, dietary diversity, and child hemoglobin/iron status. Factors that were not associated with child development were indicators of maternal Hb/iron status, maternal illness and inflammation during pregnancy, maternal perceived stress and depression, exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum, and child diarrhea, fever, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Associations between socioeconomic status and language development were consistently mediated to a greater extent by caregiving practices than by maternal or child biomedical conditions, while this pattern for motor development was not consistent across cohorts. Conclusions: Key elements of interventions to ensure quality ECD are likely to be promotion of caregiver activities with children, a variety of play materials, and a diverse diet, and prevention of faltering in linear and ponderal growth and improvement in child hemoglobin/iron status. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.en_US
dc.identifier.otherdoi: 10.1111/jcpp.12751
dc.identifier.urihttp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27289
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplinesen_US
dc.subjectGrowthen_US
dc.subjectiLiNS Projecten_US
dc.subjectLanguage developmenten_US
dc.subjectLipid-based nutrient supplementsen_US
dc.subjectLow- and middle-income countriesen_US
dc.subjectMotor developmenten_US
dc.subjectNutritionen_US
dc.subjectRisk factorsen_US
dc.subjectStimulationen_US
dc.titlePredictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Fasoen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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