Towards an Integrated Health Information System in Ghana Using Fit and Viability Theory

Abstract

An integrated health information system (IHIS) allows data to be securely exchanged and transferred to locations where it can be used to generate knowledge and information that advances policy objectives. An integrated health information system supports the delivery and monitoring of integrated health care across the globe. IHISs also serve as public health monitoring and management systems. Electronic health records (EHR) and electronic medical records (EMR) have received the majority of attention in recent studies on the deployment of integrated health information systems. The adoption of an integrated health information system, its benefits, and the relationship between its adoption and effective and efficient health care delivery are not well documented. Extant studies on health information system adoption have focused mostly on electronic health records. There is a lack of literature on the adoption of an integrated health information system, its benefits, and the correlation between its adoption and effective and efficient health care delivery. Ghana has a fragmented health information system, which hinders the smooth communication and exchange of data between health institutions. The purpose of this study is to assess the fit and viability of an integrated health information system within the Ghanaian health sector. The study further seeks to investigate the benefits of IHIS adoption. Lastly, the study explored the correlation between IHIS adoption and effective and efficient health care delivery. The study does this through the lens of fit and viability theory. The study adopted a quantitative methodology and a survey approach to examine how well the Ghanaian health system is fit and viable toward an integrated health information system in an effort to fill the vacuum in the literature. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was designed by Google Forms and used to collect data for the study. A quantitative data analysis method was employed through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to achieve the objectives of the study. A total of 461 health care workers were conveniently sampled through an online questionnaire designed using Google Forms. The study found task characteristics, organisational viability, and state policy as the major influencers of IHIS integration in Ghana. Technology characteristics, economic viability, and IT infrastructure were not having a significant influence on integrated health information system implementation. Digital curiosities significantly influence the relationship between technology fit, IT infrastructure, and the Integrated Health Information System (IHIS). Furthermore, the moderator, Age of Health Institutions, had a negligible impact on the economic and organisational viability of IHIS adoption. The findings of the study are important for policymakers in the health sector of Ghana since it has revealed the major influencers of IHIS adoption. Additionally, this study contributes suggestions to help Ghana's health institutions, public health officials, and government make the most of IHIS for effective, prompt, and more inclusive health care delivery. Because this study adopted a quantitative approach, it is recommended that a qualitative approach be adopted to ascertain a deeper understanding of how an integrated health information system could go a long way toward improving efficiency and communication in the health sector. Lastly, the government must be considered in further studies to know its viewpoint on IHIS adoption and usage.