Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease With Ectopic Unilateral Multicystic Kidney: A Case Report

Abstract

Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disorder and the fourth cause of death in end-stage renal disease. The disease has a prevalence of 1:400–1:1000, accounting for 10% of patients on dialysis. In most ADPKD patients, bilateral kidneys are similarly affected, with numerous fuid-flled cysts arising from different nephron segments. Only a few cases of ADPKD with an ectopic unilateral multicystic kidney have been reported. It has been observed that the deterioration of their kidney function seemed to be quicker than their age- and sex-matched controls and siblings, especially when the ectopic kidney is dysplastic. Case presentation We report a case of a 46-year-old Ghanaian male patient who presented with left foot pain and hematuria with high BP and deranged renal function. Abdominal ultrasonography showed both kidneys to be larger than normal and had multiple cysts of varying sizes, with the right kidney located in the right iliac fossa. Follow An Abdominopelvic computer tomographic scan (CT-Scan) without contrast showed enlarged kidneys with the renal parenchyma is replaced by innumerable cysts of varying sizes. The right kidney was ectopically located in the right aspect of the pelvis. A diagnosis of ADPKD with a right pelvic ectopic multicystic kidney was made. He was put on anti-hypertensives, analgesia for the left foot pain, and follow-up at the urology and nephrology departments. Conclusion In most ADPKD patients, bilateral kidneys are similarly affected. Only a few cases of ADPKD with ectopic unilateral multicystic kidneys have been reported. It has been observed that the deterioration of their kidney function seemed to be quicker than that of their age- and sex-matched controls and siblings, especially when the ectopic kidney is dysplastic.