Comparative Analysis of Cardio-Respiratory Function among E-Waste Workers and Permanent Residents at Agbogbloshie, Accra

Abstract

Introduction: Electronic waste (E-waste) dumping and recycling has increased significantly over the past 10 – 15 years in Ghana. The processes used in recycling however, results in the release of several toxic substances including heavy metals and toxic fumes which can have direct human health implications. Though most studies have focused on health effects due to occupational exposure to air pollutants, the direct impacts on the cardio-respiratory health of both e-waste workers and nearby populations have not been investigated sufficiently. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the cardio-respiratory functions of e-waste workers and permanent residents at Agbogbloshie. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2018 at Agbogbloshie among e-waste workers and permanent residents. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and self-reported respiratory symptoms data from respondents. Cardio-respiratory function was assessed by measuring participants’ oxygen saturation, blood pressure and lung function (by spirometry). Student t-test and Pearson Chi-square were used to compare means and proportions of cardio-respiratory function indices among e-waste workers and permanent residents and a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) was used to test the significance level. Regression analysis was used to determine relationships between independent variables and cardio-respiratory function parameters. Results: The mean ages of e-waste workers and permanent residents were 25±7 years and 29 ± 9 years respectively. Respiratory symptoms were higher among e-waste workers compared to the permanent residents. Excessive phlegm production was the commonest symptom among e-waste workers (84% vs. 62%) whereas sneezing was the commonest symptom reported by permanent residents (80% vs. 74%). There was however, no significant difference in cardio-respiratory function among e-waste workers and permanent residents. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in cardio-respiratory function among e-waste workers and permanent residents.