Appropriateness of Malaria Treatment Practices Among Head Porters in Madina, Accra, Ghana.

Abstract

Malaria remains a major public health concern in Ghana, particularly among vulnerable populations such as head porters (kayayei). This study assessed the appropriateness of malaria treatment practices among head porters in Madina, Ghana. A cross-sectional study design was employed, using structured questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews with 400 head porters. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, malaria knowledge and awareness, treatment-seeking behaviors, and sources of antimalarial drugs. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between variables. The findings revealed high levels of malaria knowledge (90.2%) and awareness of prevention measures (71.75%). Most respondents (78.5%) reported undergoing malaria testing before treatment, and 86.5% used artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), although adherence to the correct dosage regimen was lower (64.5%). A smaller proportion (12.0%) used herbal treatments, with 1.5% relying on self-prepared remedies. Age group, income level, and access to healthcare were significantly associated with appropriate treatment practices (p < 0.05), while educational level, religion, and NHIS ownership were not. Drug affordability and experience of side effects also emerged as significant predictors of appropriate treatment behavior. Hospitals (53.2%) and pharmacies (39.2%) were the main sources of antimalarial drugs, although self medication and the use of non-standard treatments persisted. Despite encouraging levels of awareness and treatment-seeking behavior, a knowledge-practice gap remains, particularly in adherence to correct dosage and treatment timelines. These findings highlight the need for targeted health education campaigns, improved pharmacy regulation, and enhanced financial protection mechanisms. to promote appropriate malaria treatment among this vulnerable population.