A 6-Year Retrospective Clinical Review Of Iatrogenic Ureteric Injuries Repaired In A Resource-Deprived Setting

Abstract

Background: Seventy percent of ureteric injuries result from iatrogenic causes with about 75% of these diagnosed in the postoperative period. It may have fatal complications such as sepsis and or renal functional damage increasing morbidity and treatment cost. Objective: The study aimed to identify the risk factors for iatrogenic ureteric injuries from open surgical procedures and the intervention outcome in a resource‑poor setting. Patients and methods: This was a multi‑centre study. The clinical records of patients with iatrogenic ureteric injuries seen between 2015–2021 who were managed at the urology units of the Margaret Marquart Catholic Hospital, and the Ho Teaching Hospital, in the Volta region of Ghana, were retrieved. The data extracted included patients’ demo graphic factors, the clinical presentation, the primary surgery details, the time from surgery to presentation, the inter vention offered, and the outcomes. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: Twelve patients aged between 24–54 years with a total of 19 ureteric injuries were managed. The injuries resulted from a hysterectomy in 10 cases (83.3%), and one each from emergency caesarean section and inguinal hernia repair with traction and transection injuries respectively (16.7%). Seven out of 12 cases were diagnosed 48 h after surgery. Bilateral injuries occurred in 7 cases (14/19 injuries). Intraoperative recognition was common in unilateral injuries and surgeries performed by specialist surgeons. Ureteroneocystostomy (14/19), uretero‑ureterostomy (1/19), and open suture release were the management procedures performed as in the intervention. Conclusion: Open hysterectomy (83.7%) was the most common procedure leading to iatrogenic ureteric injuries in this study. Intra‑operative recognition occurred when trained specialist surgeons performed the surgery. Late presentation with more severe morbidity was found amongst non‑specialist surgeons. Thus, improvement in training to allow intra‑operative diagnosis should be encouraged in general practitioners to reduce morbidity and improve outcomes.