Return Migration Amidst Crisis: Ghanaian International Return Migrants in Accra and Kumasi.

Abstract

This study examined the experiences of return migrants in Ghana, with particular attention to those affected by global crises such as COVID-19, the Russian–Ukraine war, and the Sudanese conflict, using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. Quantitative findings showed that 34% of respondents identified global crises as a direct factor influencing their return, with a moderate mean score (2.31) compared with motivations such as achieving migration objectives and family considerations. Logistic regression results highlighted employment status in Ghana, low wages, integration challenges abroad, favourable climatic conditions, and the Sudanese crisis as statistically significant drivers of return. The qualitative findings revealed that return migration was shaped by complex vulnerabilities, including job losses, economic instability, and insecurity, while also underscoring the importance of social networks in facilitating reintegration. Returnees with strong family and community support adjusted more easily, whereas others experienced financial strain and social isolation, compounded by insufficient government support. Despite these challenges, return migrants brought valuable skills and knowledge that could contribute to Ghana’s development if supported by effective reintegration policies. The study recommended the establishment of a comprehensive, inclusive national reintegration framework aligned with international best practices, emphasizing socio-economic wellbeing, data-driven policymaking, cross-sectoral collaboration, and broad stakeholder participation.