Overall and abdominal obesity and prostate cancer risk in a West African population: An analysis of the Ghana Prostate Study
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Date
2020-03-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
International Journal of Cancer
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer.
However, most studies have been conducted among North American and European
populations. Prostate cancer mortality appears elevated in West Africa, yet risk factors
for prostate cancer in this region are unknown. We thus examined the relationship
between obesity and prostate cancer using a case-control study conducted in
Accra, Ghana in 2004 to 2012. Cases and controls were drawn from a populationbased
sample of 1037 men screened for prostate cancer, yielding 73 cases and
964 controls. An additional 493 incident cases were recruited from the Korle-Bu
Teaching Hospital. Anthropometric measurements were taken at enrollment. We
used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals
(CIs) for associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC),
waist-hip ratio (WHR) and prostate cancer, adjusting for potential confounders. The
mean BMI was 25.1 kg/m2 for cases and 24.3 kg/m2 for controls. After adjustment,
men with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had an increased risk of prostate cancer relative to men
with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.11-3.13). Elevated WC (OR 1.76, 95% CI
1.24-2.51) and WHR (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99-2.16) were also associated with prostate
cancer. Associations were not modified by smoking status and were evident
for low- and high-grade disease. These findings indicate that overall and abdominal
obesity are positively associated with prostate cancer among men in Ghana, implicating
obesity as a potentially modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer in this
region.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
body-mass index, obesity, prostate cancer, West Africa