Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of cyberbullying on the academic lives of Ghanaian university students. It also establishes whether cyberbullying victims, perpetrators, victim-perpetrators and bystanders differed in their thoughts on the effects of cyberbullying on students’ academic lives. Design/methodology/approach This study is anchored on Bandura’s theory of triadic reciprocal determinism and Abraham Maslow’s theory of needs. This study uses a cross-sectional survey design and quantitative approach to collect the data from 1,374 students from three public universities. The authors use descriptive statistics and ANOVA techniques to analyse the data. Findings The results show that the effects of cyberbullying on academic life are difficulty concentrating on studies, difficulty studying in groups and difficulty assessing important academic information online. There is also a statistically significant difference among cyberbullying victims, perpetrators, victim-perpetrators and bystanders in their thoughts on the effects of cyberbullying on students’ academic lives.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of Molecular Structure
Abstract
In the research delineate herein, an innovative sequence of new series of multi-functional target molecules (9a-i)
having indole-N-phenyltriazole bi-heterocyclic hybrids unified with N-arylated butanamides was synthesized as
alkaline phosphatase inhibitor. The structural validation of all the formulated compounds was accomplished
through IR, EI-MS, 1
H NMR, 13C NMR and CHN analysis data. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory investigation
revealed the efficacy of these bi-heterocyclic derivatives, 9a–i, as potent inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase
relative to the standard used. The compound 9h was found to be the most active compound (IC50 = 0.062 ±
0.017 μM), and its inhibitory activity is about 10 times higher than potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)
(IC50 = 5.251 ± 0.468 μM). The kinetics mechanism was attributed by evaluating the Lineweaver–Burk plots,
which revealed that compound 9h inhibited the alkaline phosphatase non-competitively to form an enzyme –inhibitor complex. The inhibition constant Ki determined from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.045 μM.
The computational study was in full agreement with the experimental records and these ligands exhibited good
interactions and binding energy values. These molecules also demonstrated mild cytotoxicity toward red blood
cell membranes when analyzed through hemolysis. So, based on the presented results, these molecules, being the
promising inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, might be deliberated as suitable medicinal scaffolds to render
normal calcification of bones and teeth.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
N-Phenyltriazole, Indole, Alkaline phosphatase