Prevalence and correlates of diarrhoea among children under fve in selected coastal communities in Ghana

Abstract

Introduction Diarrhoea is a preventable disease affecting children under five years disproportionately. Globally, thousands of children die from diarrhoea-related diseases each year, most deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa where Ghana is located. Coastal communities bear the greatest brunt due to poor sanitary conditions. We assess the prevalence of diarrhoea in selected coastal communities along the eastern coast of Ghana. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Mumford, Opetekwei, Anyako, Anyauni and Ateteti communities in the Central, Greater Accra and Volta region respectively. We interviewed households with children under five years on the occurrence of diarrhoea and health-seeking practices. We also used a checklist to assess the sanitary condi‑ tions of the household. Frequencies and proportions were generated. We determined significant differences using modified Poisson regression models at p<0.05. Results were presented in tables and text. Results The prevalence ratio of diarrhoea was 36% (95% CI 33–40%). Most cases were from Anyako community. All interviewed households in Mumford and Opetekwei used improved water sources whiles 94% in Atetetio used improved water sources. Children who were fully vaccinated had 32% lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to those who were not (aPR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.84). Conclusion Diarrhoea prevalence was high inspite of the reported use of improved water sources and sanitation facilities by majority of households in the communities. Fully vaccinated children had a relatively lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children who were not fully vaccinated. We recommend in-depth analysis of the use of water and sanitation facilities in these settings to understand the reasons for the observed diarrhoea prevalence.